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Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations

Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations. Chapter 1 Review. Hunter-Gatherers. Migratory Loose political structures No real social classes Different gender relations Polytheistic religion Limited technology. Paleolithic Age. “Old Stone” Age -c. 10,00-8,000 B.C.E.

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Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations

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  1. Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations Chapter 1 Review

  2. Hunter-Gatherers • Migratory • Loose political structures • No real social classes • Different gender relations • Polytheistic religion • Limited technology

  3. Paleolithic Age • “Old Stone” Age • -c. 10,00-8,000 B.C.E. • Homo Erectus Homo Sapiens Homo Sapiens Sapiens • Low population density • Technology • Language (homo erectus) • Wood, stone, and bone tools • Fire • Religion: Goddess worship, fear of death, burial of dead…

  4. Neolithic Age • “New Stone” Age • c. 8,000-3,000 B.C.E. • Climate change • Domestication of some animals • Early agriculture • Pottery • Bronze • Cities (e.g. Harrappa, CatalHuyuk) • Yangshao China, Mesopotamian civilizations (4,000 B.C.E.) • Sumerian Cuniform (3,500 B.C.E.) • Egyptian civilization (3,100 B.C.E.)

  5. Mesopotamian Civilizations • Tigris-Euphrates • Sumeria, Babylonia, Assyria, Persia • Copper and bronze masters • City-States • Monumental architecture—name it! • Hammurabi’s Law Code • Trade • Flat land and few natural barriers

  6. Terminology Review • Paleolithic Age • Neolithic Age • Prehistoric • Civilization • The four River Valley Civilizations • Tigris-Euphrates • Sumerians • Monotheism • Nomads • Ideographic

  7. Egyptian Civilization • Nile River • Influenced by Mesopotamia • Pharaoh • Monumental architecture—name it! • Interactions with and invasions by the Kush • Q: What does the architecture in Egypt and Mesopotamia say about these people?

  8. Indian Civilization • c. 2,500 B.C.E. • Indus River • Harappa, MohenjoDaro • Natural disasters and Indo-European invasions • More to come in Ch. 3

  9. Chinese Civilization • Huanghe (Yellow) River; Yangtze River • Isolated • Advanced technology • Ideographic writing • Science (especially Astronomy) • Art emphasized delicate designs and music • Ancestor worship • Shang dynasty (1,500 B.C.E.)

  10. RVCs: What’s the Deal? • Groundwork for later civilizations • Cities & monarchical forms (Greeks & Romans learned A LOT) • Irrigation • Mathematics • Wheel • Writing (Phoenicians) • Tamed horses • Calendars • Trade and diffusion of ideas

  11. The Jews • Distinctive people • Monotheism • How the Jewish god is different • Fountainhead for Christianity and Islam

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