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Know your Enemy: Tracking Botnets

Know your Enemy: Tracking Botnets. The Honeynet Project & Research Alliance Presented by: Jonathan Dowdle. Motivation. To study the activities of BotNets and their owners. What a Botnet is Not. Introduction. What is a BotNet? What is a HoneyNet? Who are the victims?

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Know your Enemy: Tracking Botnets

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  1. Know your Enemy: Tracking Botnets The Honeynet Project & Research Alliance Presented by: Jonathan Dowdle

  2. Motivation • To study the activities of BotNets and their owners

  3. What a Botnet is Not

  4. Introduction • What is a BotNet? • What is a HoneyNet? • Who are the victims? • What vulnerabilities are used? • What can a BotNet be used for?

  5. HoneyNet

  6. BotNet

  7. Method • Setup • HoneyNet of 3 machines • Analysis • mwcollectd2 • drone

  8. Uses of Botnets • DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) Attack • Spamming • Sniffing Traffic • Keylogging • Spreading Malware • Google AdSense Abuse • Attacking IRC Networks (similar to DDoS) • Manipulating online polls/games • Mass identity theft

  9. Types of Bots • Most common bots • Agobot / Phatbot / Forbot / XtremBot • SDBot / RBot / UrBot / UrXBot • GT-Bots • Less common bots • DSNX Bots • Q8 Bots • kaiten • Perl-based bots

  10. How Bots Work

  11. How Bots Work

  12. The Server • Unreal IRCd • ConferenceRoom

  13. HoneyNet

  14. Tracking Botnets • IRC login information is sniffed when bot on Honeypot connects • Using login information gathered we can connect to master IRC server

  15. Tracking Botnets -- Observing • Commands from master can be observed in channel • Custom IRC client is usually needed

  16. Custom IRC Client • drone

  17. Lessons Learned • Number of botnets • 100 botnets over 4 months • 35 “live” botnets as of paper’s publish date • Number of hosts • ~220,000 unique IP addresses joining at least one of the monitored channels • The number may be larger due to some hosts not showing joining clients into a channel

  18. Lessons Learned Cont. • Typical Size of Botnets • 100s – up to 50,000 hosts • Dimension of DDoS-attacks • 226 DDoS-attacks against 99 unique targets

  19. Strengths • Moderate learning curve • Paper is presented in ordinary language • Novel method of determining methods and attacks used by Botnet owners

  20. Weaknesses • Focuses only IRC-based bots • More data could have been provided

  21. Further Research • Vulnerability modules • Shellcode parsing modules • Fetch modules

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