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Chem 160

Chem 160. Chapter 8 Chemical Nomenclature. Classification of Compounds. Chemical nomenclature IUPAC rules Generalizations for ionic vs. molecular compounds Metal with nonmetals Nonmetal with other nonmetals NH 4 + exception Metalloids. Types of Binary Ionic Compounds. Fixed-charge

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Chem 160

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  1. Chem 160 Chapter 8 Chemical Nomenclature

  2. Classification of Compounds • Chemical nomenclature • IUPAC rules • Generalizations for ionic vs. molecular compounds • Metal with nonmetals • Nonmetal with other nonmetals • NH4+ exception • Metalloids

  3. Types of Binary Ionic Compounds • Fixed-charge • Variable-charge

  4. Nomenclature for Binary Ionic Compounds • Metal ions • Fixed-charge • Variable-charge • Nonmetal ions

  5. Nomenclature for Binary Ionic Compounds (cont’d) • Fixed-charge binary ionic compounds • KCl • MgO • Li2S • ZnBr2 • Variable-charge binary ionic compounds • CuO • Cu2O • FeO

  6. Nomenclature for Binary Ionic Compounds (cont’d) • Variable-charge binary ionic compounds – (-ic, -ous) system • Metal has two common charges • Iron (III) chloride • Copper (I) fluoride • Stannic bromide • Fe203 • Tin (II) fluoride

  7. Nomenclature for Ionic Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions • Common polyatomic ions • charge • 4 exceptions with –ide suffix • -ate vs. –ite suffix • ions with and without H • replacement of O with S (thio- prefix) • Names of ionic compounds

  8. Naming Polyatomic-Ion-Containing Compounds • Na3PO4 • Fe(NO3)3 • Cu2SO4 • NH4CN • FeCO3 • Sn(OH)2

  9. Nomenclature for Binary Molecular Compounds • Two nonmetallic elements • Nomenclature • Less electronegative element first • 2nd element take suffix –ide • Numerical prefix indicates the number of atoms of each nonmetal

  10. Naming Binary Molecular Compounds • N2O3 • PF3 • S4N4 • SiCl4 • Na2CO3 – disodium carbon trioxide • MgClx • Problem 8.129 • S20 • P4S6

  11. Nomenclature for Acids • Hydrogen-containing molecular compound • Acids: HCl, H2S, HNO3, H2SO4 • Non-acids: NH3, CH4, SiH4 • H2O, not considered an acid • -ide rule • the prefix hydro- • the stem of the name of the negative ion • the suffix –ic • the word acid

  12. Nomenclature for Acids (cont’d) • -ate rule • negative ion less the –ate ending • the suffix –ic • the word acid • -ite rule • negative ion less the –ite ending • the suffix –ous • The word acid

  13. Naming Acids • H2SO4 • Sulfuric acid • HCl (g) • Hydrogen chloride gas • HNO3 • Nitric acid • HI • Hydroiodic acid

  14. Naming Acids - cont’d • HCN • Hydrocyanic acid • H3PO4 • Phosphoric acid • H3PO3 • Phosphorous acid

  15. Naming Acids – cont’d • Chloric acid • HClO3 • Chlorous acid • HClO2 • Nitrous acid • HNO2

  16. Naming Acids – cont’d • Hydrosulfuric acid • H2S • Sulfuric acid • H2SO4 • Carbonic acid • H2CO3

  17. Summary of Nomenclature Rules • Ionic or molecular • If ionic, binary or polyatomic • If molecular, acid or nonacid

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