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WHAT IS BIOENGINEERING?

WHAT IS BIOENGINEERING?. Bioengineering is Diverse!. Each bioengineer only knows a tiny fraction of the entire field. What is Bioengineering?. Any Area of Biology Mixed with Any Area of Engineering In Any Proportion. Biologists. Want to understand organisms and living systems

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WHAT IS BIOENGINEERING?

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  1. WHAT IS BIOENGINEERING?

  2. Bioengineering is Diverse! Each bioengineer only knows a tiny fraction of the entire field

  3. What is Bioengineering? Any Area of Biology Mixed with Any Area of Engineering In Any Proportion

  4. Biologists • Want to understand organisms and living systems • Discover underlying mechanisms that govern how organisms work • The knowledge is then used to develop or improve medical, industrial or agricultural processes. • Comfortable with uncertainty

  5. Engineers • See a problem and want to come up with a practical solution • Apply mathematics and scientific knowledge • Want precision and reproducibility • Consider technical and economic constraints

  6. Bioengineering applies engineering methods and techniques to problems in biology and medicine. Biology Medicine Engineering Tissue Engineering Neural Implants DNA Expression Arrays Pumps Pacemakers Prosthetics

  7. Biomechanics and Rehabilitation • Artificial limbs • Replacement joints • Cochlear implants • Pacemakers for heartbeat regulation

  8. Cochlear Prostheses http://www.cochlearimplant.com/

  9. All imaging and diagnostic techniques • Help with medical diagnosis • Assist in research for better cures • EKG machines • MRI • Ultrasound imaging

  10. MRI and Functional MRI UIUC MRI researchers Profs. Sutton (BioE), Liang (ECE)

  11. Ultrasound Imaging and Bioeffects UIUC Ultrasonics Led by Profs. Insana, O’Brien, Oelze, & Frizzell GE Medical Systems High resolution ultrasonic imaging of liver with a microprobe http://www.gemedicalsystems.com/rad/us/4d/thennow.html http://www.brl.uiuc.edu

  12. What kind of scientists are involved with Magnetic Resonance Imaging? • Electrical Engineers: electromagnetics • Computer Engineers/Scientists: computation • Physiologists: biological function • Chemists: new imaging agents • Psychologists: mental function • Physicians: medical implications

  13. Cell and Tissue Engineering • Cell and Tissue Engineering allows us to repair or replace the function of natural tissue with bioengineered substitutes. • Principles of engineering, chemistry, and biology are combined to create tissue substitutes from living cells and synthetic materials. Tissue Engineered Skin New Companies: Advanced Tissue Sciences, Inc. Organogenesis

  14. The Potential Promise of Tissue Engineering • To repair or replace damaged organs • Origins in the late 1980s • Rapid advances in stem cell biology • The tissue engineer needs to • manipulate, • produce, and • deliver collections of cells as building blocks of tissues

  15. Basic biological sciences Cell biology and histology Physiology Embryology Wound healing Clinical aspects Surgery and transplantation Immunology Pathology radiology Biotechnologies Cell culture Cell separation Gene transfer Engineering fundamentals Fluid dynamics Transport phenomena Materials science Mechanics Chemical kinetics A Wide Spectrum of Knowledge is Required for Tissue Engineering

  16. Participants in Tissue Engineering • Bioengineers • Materials scientists • Cell and molecular biologists • Immunologists • Policy makers and ethicists • Chemical engineers • Surgeons

  17. Neural Engineering • Neural Engineers use modeling and analysis to understand and control the nervous system. • Advances in neuroscience and microfabrication have opened the doors to exciting applications in neuroprosthetics, biosensors and hybrid biocomputers. Fluorescent Stained Myocyte Microfabrication Surface

  18. Designing Networks of Neurons in a Petri Dish Input Output Ideal Neuronal Networks Real Networks of Nerve Cells in Culture on Patterned Substrates Prof. Wheeler, UIUC; Prof. Brewer, SIU Med School, Springfield

  19. Biomimetics • Mimicking biological systems to create new technologies

  20. Understanding Molecular Structure by Applying Engineering Principles Modeling Channels Through Cell Membranes andProtein / Surface Interactions Biomolecular Modeling Computer Image of a DNA Binding Protein

  21. Bioinformatics and Genomics • Bioinformatics = computer science + biomedicine • Discover genetic basis for disease (cancer, diabetes) • Develop new diagnostic devices (cDNA chip) cDNA Array

  22. Genetic Engineering • Animals • To produce a high-value therapeutic protein • Pharm animals • Plants-GMOs • Improve plant yields • Grow plants with higher nutrient value • Plants with vaccines incorporated • Pharmaceutical products • Manipulate cells genetically • Produce large quantities of vaccine, insulin, other useful proteins for medicine

  23. Biology Medicine Materials Science Electrical Engineering Computer Science Computer Engineering Physics Chemical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Nuclear Engineering Civil Engineering Agricultural Engineering Bioengineers make use of all of these fields

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