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Mobile Internet Service 鄭仁傑 網際網路軟體技術組(W000) 中華民國八十九年三月二十二日

Mobile Internet Service 鄭仁傑 網際網路軟體技術組(W000) 中華民國八十九年三月二十二日. Agenda. What is Mobile Internet Service? Wireless Application Protocol Technical Overview WAP 產品發展現況 CCL/ITRI Mobile Internet Project Mobile Commerce Mobile Internet Technology Outlook. *. 已進行的項 目. Internet Service.

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Mobile Internet Service 鄭仁傑 網際網路軟體技術組(W000) 中華民國八十九年三月二十二日

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  1. Mobile Internet Service 鄭仁傑 網際網路軟體技術組(W000) 中華民國八十九年三月二十二日

  2. Agenda • What is Mobile Internet Service? • Wireless Application ProtocolTechnical Overview • WAP 產品發展現況 • CCL/ITRI Mobile Internet Project • Mobile Commerce • Mobile Internet Technology Outlook

  3. * 已進行的項目 Internet Service • Strategis Group統計行動數據應用的項目比率最高為訊息/電子郵件(27%)，依序為個人資料處理(15%)及上網(14%) • 上網方式統計，1999年透過行動通訊器材上網之比率為16%，預估至2005年將成長至41% Internet Appliance Ubiquitous Networks • 我國網路家電產業產值將由1999年的2.35億美元成長至2002年的13.94億美元，年複合成長率達81% • 1999年我國智慧型掌上裝置產量22萬台(全球產量4,036萬台)，產值約為5,500萬美元，全球市場占有率為5.45% • 多元化的網路型態，頻寬大且無所不在 • 資訊流為中心的行動運算互連網路應用服務 • Mobile/Wireless Information Computing Wireless Application Protocol • WAP Protocol，Wireless Transport Layer Security • Mobile Internet Multimedia Application Environment Mobile Internet Application Gateway WAP-Enable Device 目標 • WAP Protocol 、Micro-Browser* • Personalize Information Service • On-Line Multimedia Information Service • Mobile Commerce • WAP Gateway / Proxy Server* • Mobile Agent • Push Service • 建立Mobile Internet Service所需的應用平台設計技術

  4. Internet Mobile Internet Service Overview 線上資訊服務 2G & 3G WAP Enable Device 金融資訊商務 個人資訊服務 Mobility Service

  5. Wireless Application Protocols(I) • What is WAP? • The Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is an open, global specification that empowers mobile users with wireless devices to easily access and interact with information and services instantly • Which wireless networks does WAP work with? • WAP is designed to work with most wireless networks such as CDPD, CDMA, GSM, PDC, PHS, TDMA, FLEX, ReFLEX, iDEN, TETRA, DECT, DataTAC, Mobitex. • What operating systems are compatible with WAP? • WAP is a communications protocol and application environment. It can be built on any operating system including PalmOS, EPOC, Windows CE, FLEXOS, OS/9, JavaOS etc. It provides service interoperability even between different device families.

  6. Wireless Application Protocols(II) • WAP論壇主要由ERICSSON，MOTOROLA，NOKIA，UNWIRED PLANET等四家廠商，針對未來無線網路的加值服務（Value-added Service）所共同成立的一個業界聯盟，其目標有四： • 希望在手機及其他無線終端設備上建立擷取Internet內容（Content）及數據服務的能力 • 訂定一組適用所有無線網路技術的標準協定 • 開發可運用於所有無線網路及其終端設備的Internet內容和應用 • 利用既有的標準及技術來發展WAP

  7. WAP Architecture Introduction and Overview

  8. Client Web Server WAP Gateway WML CGI Scripts etc. WML Encoder WML-Script WSP/WTP HTTP WML Decks with WML-Script WMLScript Compiler WTAI Protocol Adapters Content Etc. The WAP Architecture

  9. Comparison between Internet and WAP Technologies Wireless Application Protocol Wireless ApplicationEnvironment (WAE) Other Services and Applications HTML JavaScript Session Layer (WSP) Transaction Layer (WTP) HTTP TLS - SSL Security Layer (WTLS) Transport Layer (WDP) TCP/IP UDP/IP Bearers: IS-136 CDPD PDC-P CDMA Etc.. SMS USSD CSD Internet

  10. WAP specifies… • Wireless Application Environment • WML Microbrowser • WMLScript Virtual Machine • WMLScript Standard Library • Wireless Telephony Application Interface • WAP Content Types • Wireless Protocols • Wireless Session Protocol (WSP) • Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) • Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP) • Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP) • Wireless network interface definitions

  11. WAP Application Environment WML and WMLScript Wireless Telephony Architecture Content Formats Push User Agent Profile

  12. WAE Goals • Network-neutral application environment; • For narrow-band wireless devices; • With an Internet/WWW programming model; • And a high degree of interoperability.

  13. WAE Requirements • Leverage WSP and WTP • Leverage Internet standard technology • Device Independent • Network Independent • International Support • Vendor-controlled MMI • Initial focus on phones • Slow bearers • Small memory • Limited CPU • Small screen • Limited input model

  14. WAE First Generation • Architecture • Application model • Browser, Gateway, Content Server • WML • Display language • WMLScript • Scripting language • WTA • Telephony services API and architecture • Content Formats • Data exchange

  15. WML Second Generation • Extensions and enhancements • Currently under development • User Agent Profiling • Content customized for device • Push Model • Network-initiated content delivery • Performance Enhancements • Caching, etc.

  16. Network Application Gateway Client WAE Abstract Network Architecture WSP/HTTP Request {URL} WSP/HTTP Reply {Content}

  17. Client WAP Gateway WML CGI Scripts etc. WML Encoder WML-Script WMLScript Compiler WTAI Protocol Adapters Content Etc. Network Example #1: WAP Gateway Web Server WSP/WTP HTTP WML Decks with WML-Script

  18. Client WML WML Encoder WML-Script WMLScript Compiler WTAI Protocol Adapters Content Etc. Network Example #2:WAP Application Server WAP Application Server Application Logic WSP/WTP WML Decks with WML-Script

  19. WML • Tag-based browsing language: • Screen management (text, images) • Data input (text, selection lists, etc.) • Hyperlinks & navigation support • W3C XML-based language • Inherits technology from HDML and HTML

  20. WML (cont.) • Card metaphor • User interactions are split into cards • Navigation occurs between cards • Explicit inter-card navigation model • Hyperlinks • UI Event handling • History • State management and variables • Reduce network traffic • Results in better caching

  21. Navigation Card Variables Input Elements WML Example <WML> <CARD> <DO TYPE=“ACCEPT”> <GO URL=“#eCard”/> </DO Welcome! </CARD> <CARD NAME=“eCard”> <DO TYPE=“ACCEPT”> <GO URL=“/submit?N=$(N)&S=$(S)”/> </DO> Enter name: <INPUT KEY=“N”/> Choose speed: <SELECT KEY=“S”> <OPTION VALUE=“0”>Fast</OPTION> <OPTION VALUE=“1”>Slow</OPTION> <SELECT> </CARD> </WML> Deck

  22. WMLScript • Scripting language: • Procedural logic, loops, conditionals, etc. • Optimized for small-memory, small-cpu devices • Derived from JavaScript™ • Integrated with WML • Powerful extension mechanism • Reduces overall network traffic

  23. WMLScript (cont.) • Bytecode-based virtual machine • Stack-oriented design • ROM-able • Designed for simple, low-impact implementation • Compiler in network • Better network bandwidth use • Better use of terminal memory/cpu.

  24. Functions Variables Programming Constructs WMLScript Example WMLScript is very similar to JavaScript function currencyConvertor(currency, exchRate) { return currency*exchangeRate; } function myDay(sunShines) { var myDay; if (sunShines) { myDay = “Good”; } else { myDay = “Not so good”; }; return myDay; }

  25. WTA • Tools for building telephony applications • Designed primarily for: • Network Operators / Carriers • Equipment Vendors • Network security and reliability a major consideration

  26. WTA (cont.) • WTA Browser • Extensions added to standard WML/WMLScript browser • Exposes additional API (WTAI) • WTAI includes: • Call control • Network text messaging • Phone book interface • Indicator control • Event processing

  27. WTA (cont.) • Network model for client/server interaction • Event signaling • Client requests to server • Security model: segregation • Separate WTA browser • Separate WTA port • WTAI available in WML & WMLScript

  28. WTAI Call Input Element WTA Example Placing an outgoing call with WTAI: <WML> <CARD> <DO TYPE=“ACCEPT”> <GO URL=“wtai:cc/mc;$(N)”/> </DO> Enter phone number: <INPUT TYPE=“TEXT” KEY=“N”/> </CARD> </WML>

  29. Content Formats • Common interchange formats • Promoting interoperability • Formats: • Business cards: IMC vCard standard • Calendar: IMC vCalendar standard • Images: WBMP (Wireless BitMaP) • Compiled WML, WMLScript

  30. Image Element Content Format Example Example Use of an Image: <WML> <CARD> Hello World!<BR/> <IMG SRC=“/world.wbmp” ALT=“[Globe]” /> </CARD> </WML>

  31. Push • Push is under development • Network-push of content • Alerts or service indications • Pre-caching of data • Goals: • Extensibility and simplicity • Build upon WAP 1.0 • End-to-end solution • Security • User friendly

  32. User Agent Profiles (UAProf) • UAProf is under development • Goal: content personalization, based upon: • Device characteristics, user preferences • Other profile information • Working with W3C on CC/PP • RDF-based content format • Describes “capability and profile” info • Efficient transport over wireless links, caching, etc.

  33. WAE Technical Collaboration • W3C • White paper published • Technical collaboration • CC/PP • HTML-NG • HTTP-NG • Etc. • ETSI/MExE • Others coming soon

  34. Summary: WAE Status • First generation released • Implementations are in progress • Specifications include: • WAE, WML, WMLScript • WBMP, WTA, WTAI, etc. • Second generation in development • Focusing on: • Push, Interoperability, UAProf • Telephony, Internationalization, etc.

  35. Wireless Transport Protocols Wireless Session ProtocolWireless Transaction ProtocolWireless Datagram Protocol

  36. Wireless Session Service Access Point Wireless Session Protocol Wireless Transaction Service Access Point Wireless Transaction Protocol Transport Service Access Point (TSAP) Wireless Datagram Protocol Bearer Service D Bearer Service C WCMP Bearer Service B Bearer Service A Physical Layer Air Link Technology WAP Protocol Layers

  37. WAP Transport Services • WSP is the Session Layer Protocol • WTP is the Transaction-Oriented protocol • WDP is the Datagram protocol

  38. WAP Proxy/Server Mobile WAE Apps on Other Servers WAE WSP WSP ISP/RAS IWF WTP WTP UDP UDP IP IP IP PPP PPP Subnetwork Subnetwork CSD-RF CSD-RF PSTN Circuit PSTN Circuit RAS - Remote Access Server IWF - InterWorking Function Service, Protocol, and Bearer Example WAP Over GSM Circuit-Switched

  39. Service, Protocol, and Bearer Example WAP Over GSM Short Message Service WAP Proxy/Server Mobile WAE WAE Apps on other servers WSP WSP SMSC WTP WTP WDP WDP SMS WDP Tunnel Protocol WDP Tunnel Protocol SMS Subnetwork Subnetwork under development

  40. WDP TUNNEL SpecificationWAP context

  41. WAP Security WTLS Services & Characteristics

  42. WTLS Services and Characteristics • Specifies a framework for secure connections, using protocol elements from common Internet security protocols like SSL and TLS. • Provides security facilities for encryption, strong authentication, integrity, and key management • Compliance with regulations on the use of cryptographic algorithms and key lengths in different countries • Provides end-to-end security between protocol end points

  43. WTLS Services and Characteristics • Provides connection security for two communicating applications • privacy (encryption) • data integrity (MACs) • authentication (public-key and symmetric) • Lightweight and efficient protocol with respect to bandwidth, memory and processing power • Employs special adapted mechanisms for wireless usage • Long lived secure sessions • Optimised handshake procedures • Provides simple data reliability for operation over datagram bearers

  44. WTLS Internal Architecture Transaction Protocol (WTP) Handshake Protocol Alert Protocol Application Protocol Change Cipher Spec Protocol WTLS Record Protocol Record protocol Datagram Protocol (WDP/UDP) Bearer networks

  45. Wireless Interoperability Group

  46. Wireless Interoperability GroupWIG Mission statement “To ensure that WAP products are conformant to WAP specs and interwork with each other.”

  47. WAP產品發展現況 資料來源：WAP Forum，1999/10，電通所IT IS整理

  48. 項目 進行內容 * HTTP Translator * Wireless Session Protocol(WSP) * Wireless Transport Layer Security Protocol(WTLS) * Wireless Transaction Protocol(WTP) * Wireless Datagram Protcol(WDP) * GSM Short Message System(SMS) Interface * Java Cryptographic Library(Cryptix) Java WAP Protocol Stack設計技術 * WTLS to SSL Protocol Converter * HTML to WML Converter * WPKI Portal * Proxy Gateway WAP Gateway設計技術 * Wireless Markup Language(WML) Language Encoder/Decoder * Compress WML (WMLC) Encoder/Decoder * WMLScript Language Encoder/Decoder * Layout Manager Java Micro-Browser設計技術 CCL/ITRI 計畫內容

  49. Micro-Browser with Wireless Markup Language/WMLScript Short Message Center Wireless Session Protocol Wireless Transaction Protocol WAP Gateway Wireless Transport Layered Security WTLS Server Wireless Datagram Protocol / Wireless Control Message Protocol HTTP Connection I/F TCP/UDP/IP Push Service RS-232 IrDA GSM Modem / Short Message Mobile Internet Access 內容 * * * * * * * * 進行中的項目 *

  50. 技術成就 • 已完成一套完整的Java Based WAP Protocol Stack及Micro-Browser • 符合WAP 1.1規格之WAP Protocol Stack(含Security module) • 可處理WML/WMLC/WMLScript • 目前進行System Tuning • 已完成WAP Gateway Prototype • 可處理WAP 1.1規格之WAP Protocol Stack • 可處理WTLS與SSL轉換處理，順利連上現有Internet上之Web Server • 後續進行項目 • Micro-Browser downsizing • WAP Gateway與Internet Payment Server之連結 • WPKI Portal之設計 • WAP Proxy Gateway Protocol設計

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