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Western Civilizations Unit 4 CH 7 4

Western Civilizations Unit 4 CH 7 4. Agricultural and Economic Revolution Culture of the high middle ages C. 1000-1300 AD. Changes in Agriculture. Population explosion (38-74 mil. in 300 years) The settlement of the 9 th century invaders led to peace and stability Climate improved

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Western Civilizations Unit 4 CH 7 4

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  1. Western CivilizationsUnit 4CH 7 4 Agricultural and Economic Revolution Culture of the high middle ages C. 1000-1300 AD

  2. Changes in Agriculture • Population explosion (38-74 mil. in 300 years) • The settlement of the 9th century invaders led to peace and stability • Climate improved • More land farmed = more food • Changes in technology (next slide)

  3. Inventions and the Agricultural Revolution (after 1000) • Water and wind mills • Heavier plows made of iron (Carruca) • Collar harness (horses instead of oxen) • The horseshoe • The three field system • The result • Better crops, more food, better diet • Between 1000 and 1300 the population of Western Europe doubled

  4. The Growth of Trade • Population explosion = an increase in demand • The first city states (Venice, Genoa, Pisa) established trade with the East (Asia-Byz-Eur) • Learning of Arabs and Greeks now appears in the West • New business practices made trade easier “The Commercial Revolution” • Coins (money economy) • Banking (letters of credit) • Partnerships (joint stock Co’s)

  5. The Revival of Towns • Old Roman cities come back to life • Craftsmen now produce goods for trade and create the new middle class or Bourgeoisie • Guilds: Apprentice, Journeyman, Master • Organizations of crafts workers (unions) • Government: right to rule themselves from Charters obtained from the Lord or King • Town Life (dirty, smelly, dangerous) • Labor lords eventually become land lords • Serfs become rent paying peasants (tenant farmers)

  6. Romanesque v. Gothic Architecture • Romanesque Architecture: 11th and 12th Centuries • Fortress like appearance, rounded arch, heavy ceilings to support massive thick walls, small windows very little light or color • Gothic Architecture (Began in the late 1100’s) • Between 1180 and 1270 80 Gothic Cathedrals were built in France • Pointed arches (flying buttresses) high ceilings, thin walls, stained glass windows, light, color

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