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被动语态. (the Passive Voice). Grade 8 Changzhou International School. Translation: 1. 电视已经打开了。 2. 这张教学光盘是由 NANCY JACKSON 设计的。 3. 这个游戏叫做‘八小时环游世界’。 4. 你已经参观过的地方会被标上鲜亮的紫色。. The TV is turned on now. The educational CD-ROM is designed by Nancy Jackson.
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被动语态 (the Passive Voice) Grade 8 Changzhou International School
Translation: 1.电视已经打开了。 2.这张教学光盘是由NANCY JACKSON设计的。 3.这个游戏叫做‘八小时环游世界’。 4.你已经参观过的地方会被标上鲜亮的紫色。 The TV is turned on now. The educational CD-ROM is designed by Nancy Jackson. The game is called ‘Around the World in Eight Hours’. The places you have visited are marked in bright purple.
Whatis it? 英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态(the Active Voice) 被动语态(the Passive Voice) A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 We planted the tree. B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 The tree was planted by us.
When to use it? （1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或 没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 The dictionary is well kept. 这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的)。 （2）当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是 动作的执行者。 These dinosaur eggs were found in the 1920s. 这些恐龙蛋是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。 （强调恐龙蛋被发现而不是强调由谁发现）
the Structure is 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 (be+V.P.P)
常用时态形式： （1）一般现在时： (am/is/are +及物动词的过去分词） This sweater is used for keeping warm. You are wantedon the phone. The Great Wall is visited by many foreigners every year.
（2）一般过去时： (was/were +及物动词的过去分词）) A sports meeting was held in our school last week. The factory was built the year before last. Were these TV sets made in Shanghai?
（3）含情态动词的被动语态： （情态动词 +及物动词的过去分词） +be All beepers and mobile phones must be kept off during the meeting. Should flowers be watered every day? Children under 1.2m in height can not be taken into the concert hall.
（4）一般将来时： shall/will+be+V.P.P. have/has+been+V.P.P. （5）现在完成时： （6）现在进行时： am/is/are+being+V.P.P. （7）过去进行时: was/were+being+V.P.P. （8）过去将来时： would+be+V.P.P.
主动语态转化为被动语态的三部曲: 1.主动结构宾语变为被动结构主语。 2.谓语动词变为被动语态。 3.主动结构主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介 词短语,放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动词执行者无须说明或强调时，by短语可以省略。 主语 谓语 宾语 Nancydesignedthe educational CD-ROM. The educational CD-ROM was designed byNancy.
练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。 • The computer club held a writing competition. • The fastest player can finish the game in eight hours. • We took many photos. • The elephants did a lot of tricks. • The government built a park for them. A Writing competition was held by the computer club. The game can be finished by the fastest player in eight hours. Many photos were taken by us. A lot of tricks were done by the elephants. A park was built for them by the government.
一、选择正确答案： C 1. Do you know what _____________? A. it calls B. does it call C.it is called D. is it called 2. My lost car ________________ yesterday. A. will be found B. was found C. has found D. found 3. Who was the book ___________? A .written by B. will be write by C. has been written with D. can be written by 4. An English song ________ on the radio. A.will teach B. will be taught C.has taught D. can be teach 5. Must the composition _____ in an hour? A. will be finished B. has been finished C.is finished D. be finished B A B D
二、用所给词的正确形式填空 。 (cover, spell, answer, write, return, call, connect ) 1. All the questions must correctly. 2. More than two thirds of the earth ________ with water. 3. Our city Changzhou. 4. All the magazines should ____________ to the school library in two weeks. 5. This English word can _________ in a different ways. 6. All the words on the back of the card. 7. Make sure the keyboard to the computer properly. be answered is covered is called be returned be spelt are written was connected be kept
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时 情态动词＋be＋p.p 原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
We can repair this watch in two days. You ought to take it away. This watch can be repaired in two days. It ought to be taken away.
They should do it at once. • It should be done at once.
如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
He gave me a book. →A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket. →A ticket was shown to me by him.
Someone saw him swim in the Lake yesterday． ---He ______ ______ ______ swim in the Lake yesterday． to was seen
4．不定式的被动结构： 动词不定式的被动语态为“to be ＋过去分词”。 The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ____ in our city． A．be building B．build C．be built D．built （2002杭州市） ［C］
被动语态和过去分词 作表语的区别：
1)含义不同: 被动语态强调动作,重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景,叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。
The window is broken． 窗子破了。（系表结构） The window is broken by him． 窗子被他打破了.（被动语态）
1.be covered with被……覆盖 2.be made of由……制作 （发生物理变化） be made from由……制作 （发生化学变化） be made in由（某地）制造 be made by被（某人）制造
3.be used for 被用来…… be used as 被当作(作为)……来使用 be used to do sth． 被用来做某事
4．It is said that．．． 据说…… It is hoped that．．． 希望…… It is well known that．．． 众所周知……例如：
①—Your coat looks nice． Is it ______ cotton？ —Yes．It's Shanghai． A．made of；made by B．made of；made in C．made for；made by D．made for；made in （2001江西） ［B］
② This machine is used ______ the room wet． A．for keeping B．as keeping C．keep D．to keeping （2002宜昌市） ［A］
被动语态 常见错误与分析
这个故事发生在1939年。 • The story was happened in 1939. • The story happened in 1939. × 析：只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词才能用于被动语态，而不及物动词通常没有被动语态。 happen为不及物动词,所以应将错句中的was happened改为happened。
2. 他的理论听起来有道理。 错：His theory is sounded reasonable. 正：His theory sounds reasonable. 析:sound可用作连系动词,意为“听起来”。它同不及物动词一样没有被动语态。 故应将错句中的is sounded改为sounds。
穿着某种颜色的衣服一般说“be dressed in”，而不说“dress black clothes”,但可以说 “wear black clothes”。 这些请大家在学习过程中也应加以注意。
(1)主动形式表示被动意义,如某些系动词, 如cook, feel, prove, smell和taste等其主动语态表示被动的意义.。 The dish feels good.
三. 使用被动语态 应注意的几个问题
不及物动词无被动语态. • What will happen in 100 years. • The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义. This pen writes well. This new book sells well.
3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to 的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to , 但变为被动语态时,须加上to . make somebody do something →somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something →somebody + be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. →My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
4. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时， 动词短语应当看作一个整体，而 不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can’t laugh him. →He can’t be laugh by us. He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
