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Language Subsystems

Language Subsystems. Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics. Linguistic Subsystems. Phonological System Syntactic System Semantic System Pragmatic System. Phono logical System. Phonological System (The sound system) Phoneme is a single discrete sound

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Language Subsystems

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  1. Language Subsystems Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics

  2. Linguistic Subsystems • Phonological System • Syntactic System • Semantic System • Pragmatic System

  3. Phonological System • Phonological System (The sound system) • Phoneme is a single discrete sound • Languages do not all have the same phonemes • Grapheme is how we write the sound-letters • Phonics is sound/symbol, phoneme/grapheme relationship • Not always predictable, need more than phonics to read • 44 phonemes (sounds) 26 letters, 500 ways to write the 44 sounds, not one-to-one correspondence • Some phonemes in English don’t exist in other languages

  4. Syntactic System • Syntactic System (The structural system) • The grammar—sentence order and word forms • Predicting word order helps students read and guess words • Word order varies across languages: red ball, ball red • Morphology is how words are put together. Smallest meaningful units: Prefixes, root words, affixes

  5. Free and Bound Morphemes Free morphemes can stand alone as words. Bound morphemes are affixes: prefixes and suffixes that are added onto the beginning and endings of words: unfriendly un=bound friend=freely=bound

  6. Number of MorphemesHelpful for decoding, to recognize word parts Prefixes, root words, suffixes ou (0) jump(1) played (2) unfriendly(3) butterfly (2) cats (2)(inflectional morpheme)

  7. Semantic System • Semantic System (The meaning system) Vocabulary—word meanings 5,000 words by age 5 Multiple meaning words: trunk Homophones: eight/ate Homographs: dove/dove Figurative Language: It’s raining cats and dogs. She was as happy as a clam.

  8. Pragmatic System • Pragmatic System (The social/cultural use system) • Knowing how to use the language appropriately • What to say when and to whom. • Formal and informal registers: Talking to sibling vs President • Dialects, regional varieties, Standard English

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