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Properties of Solids

Properties of Solids . density. brittleness. ductility. hardness. malleability. elasticity. tensile strength. What is ‘Matter?’ . Anything that has mass . Anything that takes up space (i.e., has volume ). Can you think of anything that has mass but takes up no space?.

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Properties of Solids

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  1. Properties of Solids density brittleness ductility hardness malleability elasticity tensile strength

  2. What is ‘Matter?’ • Anything that has mass. • Anything that takes up space (i.e., has volume). Can you think of anything that has mass but takes up no space?

  3. What is a ‘property?’ • Description of matter. • Let’s pretend that an alien just abducted you and took you away on its spaceship. You are now a slave. It ordered you to get a Whigamerhammarat right away. NOW! • Huh? • It then said, “It’s white. It’s brittle. It’s hard. It’s dense and heavy for it’s small size. It’s shiny. It’s impermeable to liquids.”

  4. “Duh,” you said and handed the now happy alien this….. • Who turned the ship around and had you home before sunrise.

  5. So…. • Matter has mass and takes up space. • Properties of matter describe it. • Properties of SOLIDS include:

  6. DENSITY • An iron crowbar is more dense than styrofoam peanuts. • Density = mass/volume • Basically, how much stuff is squeezed into a space.

  7. D = m/v Mass is measured in grams. Volume is measured in cubic centimeters, or cm3. Density is expressed in g/cm3

  8. Brittleness

  9. Brittleness: A material’s tendency to shatter upon impact

  10. Hardness A solid’s resistance to scratching Mohs scale of hardness: 2.5 Fingernail 3 Gold, Silver, Copper penny 4 Platinum 5 Iron 6 Glass 6.5 Iron pyrite 7+ Hardened steel file

  11. Ductility Capable of being drawn out into a wire

  12. Malleability A solid’s ability to be pounded into thin sheets (A mallet is a type of hammer)

  13. Elasticity A measure of a solid’s ability to be stretched and then return to its original size

  14. Tensile strength A measure of the amount of pulling a material can withstand before breaking

  15. Ex. of tensile strength: Kevlar • Stephanie Kwolek invented Kevlar in 1964. • She was trying to dissolve long chains of molecules, and she discovered that sometimes they dissolved but then formed a stringy liquid crystal. • At this point, most people would throw out the gunk.

  16. Not Stephanie. • She wondered if she could spin it like yarn. • WooHoo! It worked! • When she tested the tensile strength, she found that the fabric was lightweight but insanely strong. • It is FIVE times stronger than STEEL!

  17. What properties do these (absolutely fabulous) solids have? ;)

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