Six Kingdoms: Characteristics and Classification

1. Topic: Classification Aim: Describe characteristics of each of the six kingdoms. Do Now: Let’s review for tomorrow’s test. HW: Study for tomorrow’s test! (cell theory, organelles, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, unicellular and multicellular organisms, cell organization, aerobic and anaerobic respiration, passive and active transport)

2. Endoplasmic reticulum Vacuole Cytoplasm Nucleus Chloroplasts Mitochondria Cytoplasm Cell membrane Cell wall Ribosomes

3. 1. Sodium is PUMPED out of a nerve cell. 3. Water moves out of the fish’s body cells (98% water) and into the surrounding water (96% water) 2. A unicellular organism takes in a particle of food.

6. MONERA MONERA

7. Archeabacteria FROM THE READING • Unicellular or multicellular? • Prokaryotic or eukaryotic? • Type of respiration? • Type of nutrition?

8. Archeabacteria • Unicellular • Prokaryotic • Anaerobic • Autotrophic or heterotrophic Where do they live?

9. Found in extreme environments • oxygen-free environments • hot acidic waters of sulfur springs • bodies of concentrated salt water Hydrothermal vents Hot Springs

10. The hot springs of Yellowstone National Park, USA, were among the first places Archaebacteria were discovered.

11. What were the three types of archaebacteria you read about? • Methanogens: • Prefix: methano- • Live in oxygen-free environments and produce methane • Extreme halophiles • Live in bodies of concentrated salt water • Thermoacidophiles • Prefix: thermo- • Live in hot, acidic waters of sulfur springs

12. Unicellular or multicellular? • Prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Eubacteria

13. Eubacteria • Unicellular • Prokaryotic • Autotrophic or heterotrophic

14. Yogurt contains lactobacteria, intestines-friendly bacterial cultures that foster a healthy colon, and even lower the risk of colon cancer. Lactobacteria, especially acidophilus, promotes the growth of healthy bacteria in the colon. The more of these intestines-friendly bacteria that are present in your colon, the lower the chance of colon diseases. Basically, the friendly bacteria in yogurt seems to deactivate harmful substances before they can become carcinogenic.

15. Found everywhere • most are helpful (produce vitamins, found in yogurt) • some cause disease (Ex: Strep throat) Streptococci pyogenes Salmonella enteriditis

16. Strep throat Salmonella poisoning

17. Fun Fact: There are more bacteria in one person's mouth than there are people in the world.

18. Protists • Unicellular or multicellular? • Prokaryotic or eukaryotic? • Autotrophic or heterotrophic?

19. Protists • Unicellular • Eukaryotic • Autotrophic or heterotrophic

20. Ex: 1.Heterotrophic: Protozoa Ex: Amoeba, paramecium

22. 2. Autotrophic: algae

23. Fungi • Unicellular or multicellular? • Autotrophic or heterotrophic?

24. Fungi • Multicellular • Heterotrophic • Absorb digested food from their environment (dead organisms)

25. Examples: Mushrooms

26. Mold

27. Yeast (unicellular)

28. Unicellular or multicellular? • Autotrophic or heterotrophic? Plants

29. Plants • Multicellular • Autotrophic • Ex: Trees, grasses…

32. Unicellular or multicellular? • Autotrophic or heterotrophic? Animals

33. Animals • Multicellular • Heterotrophic • Examples: Humans, jellyfish, insects, dogs, fish…

37. Domain Eukaryota include protists and the cells that make up fungi, plants, animals. Domain Bacteria is familiar to most people when associated with human or animal disease. However, there are many bacterial species do not (and cannot) cause disease. Many species even play beneficial roles by producing antibiotics and food. The soil teems with free-living bacteria that perform many essential functions in the biosphere, e.g. nitrogen fixation. Domain Archaea wasn't recognized as a major domain of life until quite recently. Scientists were studying different prokaryotes and found that there were two distinctly different groups: those that lived at high temperatures or produced methane clustered together as a group. Because of their difference in genetic makeup, scientists proposed that life be divided into 3 domains. http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/classification/

38. Let’s summarize… • Name the six kingdoms. • Which kingdoms: • are made up of unicellular organisms? • are made up of multicellular organisms? • are autotrophic? • are heterotrophic?

39. Review: Identify the kingdom described. • Multi-cellular and autotrophic • Unicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic or heterotrophic • Unicellular, prokaryotic, autotrophic or heterotrophic, very common • Multi-cellular and heterotrophic • Multi-cellular, absorb digested food from the environment • Unicellular, prokaryotic, autotrophic or heterotrophic, can withstand extreme environments • Multi-cellular, heterotrophic, ingest food

40. Which kingdom is made up of unicellular organisms with no nucleus and can be found in hydrothermal vents? (1.) Eubacteria (2.) Fungi (3.) Archaebacteria (4.) Protists

41. A scientist recently discovered a pond organism that is unicellular, contains chloroplasts and other membrane-bound organelles, and possesses a flagellum. In which kingdom is this organism classified? (1.) Eubacteria (2.) Fungi (3.) Protists (4.) Plant

42. Mushrooms and molds belong to the kingdom (1.) Fungi (2.) Plants (3.) Protists (4.) Animals

43. An organism that is unicellular, contains a nucleus and is autotrophic is classified as a (1.) Plant (2.) Protist (3.) Algae (4.) Fungi

44. Multicellular organisms that absorb digested nutrients from the environment is classified as (1.) animals (2.) fungi (3.) protists (4.) paramecia