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Semester 2, Day 2

Semester 2, Day 2. Ecosystem & Energy. Agenda. Turn in Cornell Notes & Question Responses Biodiversity Quiz Ecosystem Lecture 4 Minute Break Reading/Work Time Hand Quizzes back and review. Turn in Cornell Notes and Question Responses. Order Cornell Notes 34.1 Cornell Notes 34.2

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Semester 2, Day 2

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  1. Semester 2, Day 2 Ecosystem & Energy

  2. Agenda • Turn in Cornell Notes & Question Responses • Biodiversity Quiz • Ecosystem Lecture • 4 Minute Break • Reading/Work Time • Hand Quizzes back and review

  3. Turn in Cornell Notes and Question Responses • Order • Cornell Notes 34.1 • Cornell Notes 34.2 • Cornell Notes 34.3 • Cornell Notes 34.4 • Responses to Section 34.1-34.4 and Chapter 34 Review • Make sure that your name is on your notes/responses • Initial each following page • Keep the papers together, fold the corner if not stapled

  4. Biodiversity Quiz • Complete the quiz silently • When you are finished, place quiz facedown on desk • When everyone is finished, pass quizzes forward

  5. Ecosystem Changes • How do certain changes affect an ecosystem? • Climate Changes • Temperature, flooding, global warming, freezing • Can eliminate entire biological communities • New communities will repopulate the area  NEW ECOSYSTEM! From natural resources (volcanoes)

  6. Ecosystem Changes • How do certain changes affect an ecosystem? • Human Activity • Human-caused global warming, pesticides, deforestation, urban encroachment, endangered species, acid rain, water contamination, fossil fuels, dams for hydroelectricity, radioactive waste, oil spills, air pollution, soil erosion, salting roads, crop irrigation • All of these can kill populations, resulting in the entire ecosystem being disrupted

  7. Ecosystem Changes • How do certain changes affect an ecosystem? • Human Activity (cont.) Smallmouth Bass Dies from Lack of Food EFFECT Spirogyra Population Explodes EFFECT Daphnia Kill with Pesticides CAUSE Bluegill Dies from Lack of Food EFFECT

  8. Ecosystem Changes • How do certain changes affect an ecosystem? • Introduction of Non-Native / Invasive Species • Harmful • No predators • Displace native species • Carry disease • Population Size • Caused by humans • Example: Too many predators, prey die out, then predators die, and plants the prey ate grow out of control.

  9. Population Size in Ecosystem BIRTH DEATH Rates that increase population size Rates that decrease population size Population Size IMMIGRATION EMIGRATION Organisms enter ecosystem Organisms enter ecosystem

  10. Population Size in Ecosystem • Graph of Births and Deaths. Look at the gap between births and deaths. Births Gap gets bigger Therefore, population INCREASES NumberofOrganisms Deaths Time

  11. Population Size in Ecosystem • Graph of Births and Deaths. Look at the gap between births and deaths. Births Gap gets smaller Therefore, population INCREASES NumberofOrganisms Deaths Time

  12. Population Size in Ecosystem • Graph of Births and Deaths. Look at the gap between births and deaths. Births Gap stays the same Therefore, population INCREASES NumberofOrganisms Deaths Time

  13. Energy Flow in an Ecosystem • Autotrophs: produce their own food. 2 types: • Autotrophs make ENERGY available for all other organisms in the ecosystem. “self” “Light” “Chemical”

  14. Energy Flow in an Ecosystem • Heterotrophs: get energy by consuming other organisms. • Note: Decomposers: secrete enzymes to break down dead matter & then absorb the nutrients (bacteria and fungi) Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore Detritivore • Organisms that consume dead matter (any). • Tend to be bugs. • Organisms that consume only plants • Organisms that consume only other heterotrophs • Organisms that consume both autotrophs and heterotrophs AKA “Consumers”

  15. Energy Flow in an Ecosystem • Decomposers & Detritivores are similar, BUT *Note: Scavengers technically eat dead organisms, but will also eat live organisms Dead Matter

  16. Energy Flow: Food Webs • Food Chain: simple model; one-way energy flow • Primary Producer  Primary Consumer  Secondary Consumer  Tertiary Consumer • *Note: • All primary producers are autotrophs • All primary consumers are herbivores (a type of heterotroph) • Higher consumers can be omnivores OR carnivores Arrow shows direction of ENERGY

  17. Energy Flow: Food Web • Food Web: Interconnected food chains; complex

  18. Energy Flow: Ecological Pyramids • Ecological pyramids: show relative amounts of energy, biomass, or # of organisms. Trophic Levels Template

  19. Energy Flow: Ecological Pyramids • Pyramid of Energy Energy Lost as Heat (90%) Available Energy Decreases

  20. Energy Flow: Ecological Pyramids • Pyramid of Biomass (total mass of life @ each level) Note: Mass/Area Available Biomass Decreases

  21. Energy Flow: Ecological Pyramids • Pyramid of Numbers (# of Organisms) Population Size Decreases

  22. 4 Minute Break • Stay on this floor, otherwise privilege will be revoked • Be back in the class by ______.

  23. Reading / Work Time • Read Chapter 2 • Do the Chapter 2 Assessment Questions #1-15, 17-24 • Come show me your responses when you are finished. • If you don’t finish, it is homework!

  24. Reminder • dp.davincischools.org/staff/blarkin

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