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Emulsion Readout - Present and Future-

Emulsion Readout - Present and Future-. Toshiyuki Nakano 2008.1.24 Emulsion Workshop, Nagoya, Japan. 10 m m. 100 mm. 125 mm. Nuclear Emulsion Film. ・ Very high spatial resolution. ・ Possible to record MIP’s tracks. “OPERA film” is uniform, refreshable and mass producible.

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Emulsion Readout - Present and Future-

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  1. Emulsion Readout-Present and Future- Toshiyuki Nakano 2008.1.24 Emulsion Workshop, Nagoya, Japan

  2. 10mm 100mm 125mm Nuclear Emulsion Film ・ Very high spatial resolution. ・ Possible to record MIP’s tracks “OPERA film” is uniform, refreshable and mass producible. ~100,000m2 are used in OPERA Protection coat：1mm Emulsion：44mm 乾板断面図 （電顕写真） Cross section Film base：205mm （TAC） Emulsion:44mm

  3. Digitizing Nuclear Emulsion Films • 4×1012pixel information in 1 film • (in 100×100cm2, double side coat) Image sensor Resolution : 　　　　　　　　512x512 pixels FOV　:　 160x160mm2 Eff. Pixel size　: ~0.3mm　 Microscope Z-axis Image sensor Objective lens : 50x 　~3mm DOF (effective) Emulsion (topside) typ. 45-100 mm Film base 　200-800 mm Nuclear emulsion film 160mm Emulsion （backside) Typ. 45-100 mm　 Grain Density ~15 (/45mm), FOG>3000 grain(/view)

  4. Repeats in angle space • Take 16 tomographic images by microscope optics. • Shift images to aim at specific angle tracks • Sum up 16 images to examine coincidence. • Find signal of tracks. Invented by K.Niwa in 1974

  5. Early Track Selector in 1985 Established by S.Aoki Ref . The Fully Automated Emulsion Analysis System. S. Aoki et al. Published in Nucl.Instrum.Meth.B51:466-472,1990.

  6. TS 0.0025 cm2/h

  7. NTS • ~0.08 cm2/h

  8. UTS • 1 cm2/h

  9. Evolution of the Scanning Power Speed in cm2/h CHORUS DONUT OPERA Our code name (device technology)

  10. Follow ShotOptics The 1st SUTS (20cm2/h)

  11. No step and repeat image taking Use Ultra High Speed Camera Up to 3k frames per second. Max 90views/sec ～60cm2/h (@50x) Image taking by follow shot No step and repeat operation can avoid a mechanical bottleneck. FOV displacement and Blur are canceled by moving objective lens Optimizing Field of View 120mm×90mm -> 140mm×140mm or more Overcome the Bottle necks of the image acquisition

  12. Sub-pixel Accuracy High resonant frequency (fres>2kHz) D~16.4mm, W~13g Optics Driven by Piezo

  13. Real-time Image Filtering and Packing Processor FIR filters Spatial filter and Pixel Packing Ring frame buffers Arrange readout segments to lines LVDS Camera Interface Camera In LVDS Output Interface

  14. Internal Band width ~40Gbyte/s/FPGA ×11 SUTS Track recognition board Processing speed : >80cm2/h/board

  15. ＳＲＡＭ ＳＲＡＭ ＳＲＡＭ ＳＲＡＭ ＰＰＣ ＰＰＣ ＰＰＣ ＰＰＣ ＰＰＣ ＰＰＣ ＰＰＣ ＰＰＣ ＳＲＡＭ ＳＲＡＭ ＳＲＡＭ ＰＰＣ ＰＰＣ ＰＰＣ ＰＰＣ ＰＰＣ ＰＰＣ From Camera Image-Pre-Processor Rocket IO 20 4Gbyte/sec LVDS（3+1）2 240Mbyte/sec (2.5 msec/view) Local Control BUS MASTER FPGA Reordering Packed Image Controlling Slaves Host interface Block SRAM High band width and Fine Granularity 21.6GByte/sec or more 32bit Bi-directional FIFO SLAVE FPGAs 　Calculating Overlayed Image 0.125msec/view/angle/FPGA Power PC 405 2 Control and Clustering S-UTS Track Recognition Block diagram (revised)

  16. S-UTS data flow 150~ 300MB/s 1.3GB/s High Speed Camera 3,000 frame/s Front end image processor Zero suppression, pixel packing Track recognition 2~10MB/s PC PC ~0.1MB/s 2~10MB/s Data Base Raw data Temporary storage Alignment and Connect tracks Physics Analysis

  17. Vector Information　：　POS,ANG,DARK Pos. reprod. ： （15 mrad） Ang. reprod. ： （0.6 micron） Outputs of S-UTS ~ 140 Million tracks 10cm 12.5cm

  18. Efficiency @50views/sec, ×35 objective lens SUTS-3 72cm2/h

  19. Micro track angle resolution

  20. Reproducibility of Base Track Angle 2.1mrad/2 3.7mrad/2

  21. Recoverable Simulated by scanning twice and combining Efficiency @50views/sec, ×28 objective lens Limited by processing power Under tuning SUTS-3 121cm2/h

  22. Micro track angle resolution SUTS-3 35× 28×

  23. Prospects for improvements of SUTS • Enlarging FOV • 28x is under tuning. 121cm2/h will be possible. • Shorten repetition time • 50views/s w 35x, 60view/s w 50x. Imager accept up to 90views/s. • Bidirectional scanning to increase effective speed. • 8 sec/line to scan, 3 sec to return back to the next line. 55cm2/h : 72cm2/h h ~76% A factor of 2-3 improvement is expected

  24. Evolution of the SUTS Speed in cm2/h In tuning phase In practical use VERSION of SUTS

  25. Concept to the next evolution of emulsion scanning.

  26. Pricing varies depending upon specifications and options ordered, but ranges between $3.5M and $4M The EX-F1 will be available from March 2008 priced at $999.99. ＋ 1film/min

  27. IC-Stepper (Lithographic system) Resolution 350nm or better NA 0.63 Exposure light source i-line (365nm) Reduction ratio 1:5 Exposure field 22mm square to 17.9 (H)  25.2 (V)mm Alignment accuracy 40nm or better  It is possible, by stepping only 56 times, to cover entire sheet with enough resolution.

  28. Giga Pixel Imaging System • Requirements • Total number of pixels should be ten to the ninth power • To cover 20mm20mm in 0.5mm pitch, it needs 40k40k pixels. • The frame rate should be 12fps in average. • Pixel rate becomes ~20Gpixels/sec It is possible by employing a mosaic imager

  29. Giga Pixel Imaging System (2) • IMX017CQE (SONY) is a good candidate of this purpose • Pixel size 2.5mm • Resolution 2880×2160 • Frame rate 　 60fps • Pixel rate 373Mpixel/s is priced at $999.99

  30. Speed and Coverage of Mosaic Imager Effective FOV 21.55×20.9 mm2×0.28 (1450×1100mm2×80) Effective pixel size 0.5mm Repetition time 1.5 sec /16depth/fullarea (4 steps/view) Max. scan speed 12000cm2/h (150cm2/h×80) 20mm

  31. Possibility of track recognition part • An SUTS processor can perform ~100cm2/h •  Its is possible, with ~120 boards, to process emulsion images taken by this optics. • According to Moore’s law, we can expected much better computing technology, which is lower cost, smaller profile and low power consumption. • SUTS processor is based on 0.13um process. Since 0.065um process is popular now, ¼ foot print and 2 times faster speed a unit will be possible. It’s NOT a problem.

  32. Summary • 　A scanning speed of ~72cm2/h has been achieved in practical use. 121cm2/h version is under tuning phase. • It is possible, with the popular technologies, to achieve a scanning speed up to 1 film per minute.

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