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Injuries to the Thigh, Leg, and Knee PE 236 Amber Giacomazzi MS, ATC

Injuries to the Thigh, Leg, and Knee PE 236 Amber Giacomazzi MS, ATC. Sports place extreme stress on the knee, and is one of the most traumatized joints Considered a _______________ which performs: _________ and ___________ The knee is extremely ______ in terms of _____________________

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Injuries to the Thigh, Leg, and Knee PE 236 Amber Giacomazzi MS, ATC

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  1. Injuries to the Thigh, Leg, and KneePE 236Amber Giacomazzi MS, ATC

  2. Sports place extreme stress on the knee, and is one of the most traumatized joints • Considered a _______________ which performs: _________ and ___________ • The knee is extremely ______ in terms of _____________________ • Support is provided by ________ and _________ • The knee is designed to provide ________ in ____________ and _________ in locomotion

  3. Menisci • Two _________________ deepen the joint and _________ any stress on the knee joint • Medial meniscus—”__” shaped and has an attachment to the _______________ • Can easily be damaged • Lateral meniscus—”___” shaped • Generally the meniscus has a ______________ • _______________ provides nutrients

  4. Knee Ligament Injuries The most commonly injured knee ligaments are the _____, and the ____ Common mechanisms include _______ maneuvers when running and _______ _______ to the joint.

  5. Collateral Ligament Injuries • MCL injuries are from a ____________ or a Severe ___________ • Concern for the MCL, _______, and ____ with this type of injury • LCL injuries are from a ________, often with _______________ • An avulsion fracture (_____) can occur

  6. Collateral Ligament Injuries • Signs and Symptoms • ____________ • ____________ • ____________ • ____________ • ____________ • Treatment • ____________ • ____________ • ____________ • ____________

  7. Cruciate Ligament Injuries • Anterior Cruciate Ligament • ACL can be injured when the ______ moves forcefully in an _____________ or when the _____ gets pushed ________ while the tibia is held in place • ______________ associated with ____________ movements can also damage ACL • Most __________ and most ___________ disrupted ligament in the knee • Rule changes, surfaces, shoes, increase participation of females • If the following three structures, _____, _____, ____ are involved in an injury, it is referred to an “________ ________”

  8. Cruciate Ligament Injuries • Posterior Cruciate Ligament • Prevents the _______ from moving too far _________ • PCL injuries most often happen when an athlete ______________, or receives a ___________ to the _____ of the knee while the _____ is _______________________ • Knee’s ______________ and is almost ______ as strong as the _____ • Provides a central axis about which the knee rotates

  9. Cruciate Ligament Injuries Signs and symptoms: • Athlete reports the knee was _______________ ________________ • Pain at the site of the injury • _________ around the knee. • Athlete indicates the knee feels _____________ • Athlete reports having a _______ or __________ sensation at the time of injury

  10. Cruciate Ligament Injuries Treatment • Immediately apply ____ and _________ • Have athlete ______ _____________ • _________________ _________________

  11. Menisci Injuries • Menisci are typically damaged by _____, _____, _________ movements • Injury is more likely to occur if ______________ firmly on the playing surface • There are many different types of tears, and they affect each athlete differently • In some cases, a _______________ will __________ _______, causing it to ________

  12. Menisci Injuries Signs and symptoms: • ____ or ________ when the knee was injured • May not see any significant _________ • May not be painful • _____________ • Athlete may be able to ____________________ • A feeling the knee is “____________” periodically

  13. Menisci Injuries Treatment • Apply ________ _____________ • Have athlete use crutches • ____________ ___________

  14. Fractures of the Femur and/or Patella • Direct trauma- _____________ • Indirect trauma- __________________ ________ against the femur when the knee is _____________

  15. Fractures of the Femur and/or Patella Signs and symptoms: • Pain at the injury site • _________ and/or ______________ Athlete’s report of having suffered a ______________ • Athlete may report a _____ or _____ at the time of injury

  16. Fractures of the Femur and/or Patella • Treatment: • _________________ • _______ the injured leg, preferably with _________________ • Apply _____________ to any ___________ • Monitor _________ and _________ to lower leg • Arrange for ________ to a nearby medical facility

  17. Patellar Dislocation/Subluxation • Injury may be caused by a __________ ______ that generates a great deal of ____________ within the knee • Instead of moving normally within it’s groove, the _________________________________

  18. Patellar Dislocation/Subluxation • Individuals predisposed to condition • ________________ • ________________ • ________________ • ________________________________ • ________________ • ________________ • ________________ • ________________

  19. Patellar Dislocation/Subluxation • Signs and Symptoms: • Severe pain and abnormal movement of the patella when injury occurred • _____________ • _____________ • ____________ along the ____________ of the patella • Majority of subluxations/luxations displace ____________!!

  20. Patellar Dislocation/Subluxation • Treatment: • ___________________ • ___________________ • ___________________

  21. Dislocation of the Knee or Tibiofemoral Joint • Dislocation of the knee or the tibiofemoral joint can compromise _____________________________ • **Napoleon MCcallum • **Shaun Livingston • Signs and symptoms: • _________________ • Dislocation of the joint • _________________ • Treatment: • The injury must be ___________ • ___________________________________________

  22. Patellofemoral Joint Injuries • Acute and chronic injuries can affect patellofemoral joint. Such injuries can be debilitating and must be treated • _______________________ or “_________” • Condition occurs when ________________ or __________ are dislodged from joint and _________ ________________ • A bone fragment can ____________ • Damage to _____________ can occur

  23. Patellofemoral Joint Injuries • Signs and symptoms • Pain especially _____________ • _____________ • ______________ • Knee may lock; ______________________ • One or more ______________ may be ______ when palpated • Treatment • Application of ice and compression. • If necessary, ________________ • ___________________________

  24. Chondromalacia Patella • Wear and tear of the under surface of the patella as it articulates on the femoral groove due to overuse • Three Stages • Stage 1-___________________________ • ________________ • Stage 2-___________________________ • ________________ • Stage 3-___________________________ • ________________

  25. Chondromalacia Patella • Signs and Symptoms • _________________ • May have _________ present on the top of the knee • Pain with __________ after ________ for a _____________ ________ “__________ knee” • Quadriceps atrophy • _________________ • Treatment • Ice • _____________ • Knee sleeve • _____________

  26. Bursa of the Knee Bursa are ___________ _____ sacs located at strategic points Numerous bursa are in the knee region; only a few are typically injured

  27. Bursa of the Knee Inflammation can be caused by: • __________ • __________ • _________________________ The ___________ bursa is susceptible to _____________

  28. Bursa of the Knee Signs and symptoms: • _________ and __________ at site • Pain when ________ _____________ is applied • Athlete may report direct trauma to knee • Posterior swelling—____________

  29. Bursa of the Knee Treatment • Application of _________________ • _______________ for a short time • In chronic cases, ______________ _______ may be helpful

  30. Patellar Tendonitis Sudden or _________ ______________ of the knee may begin the inflammatory process that will eventually lead to ________________ “____________”

  31. Patellar Tendonitis Signs and Symptoms • Stage 1—_______________ (tight quads, pulling on the patellar tendon) • Stage 2—___________________ • Stage 3—________, _________ and _______________ (___________)

  32. Patellar Tendonitis Treatment • First find cause ________, ______, ____________ • RICE • _________________ and ________ __________ • Taping and bracing • Do not overuse and stretch

  33. Osgood-Schlatter Disease (OSD) OSD usually involve _______ of the _________ _______________ May result in an ________________ Occurs during _______________ Signs and symptoms: • Pain and tenderness on the patellar tendon complex • __________ in the area • __________ ability to use the ____________ • If inflammation continues, _______________ ______________________________

  34. Osgood-Schlatter Disease (OSD) Treatment • Apply ice and compression • _____________ ____________ • Until inflammation subsides, _____ is important

  35. Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome (Runner’s Knee) • ______________ common in ________ and _________ that can be attributed to _____________ and _________ ____________ of the _____ and ___________ • Irritation develops over the _____________ _________ or at the _____________ where the friction is created as the knee ______ and _________

  36. Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome (Runner’s Knee) • Signs and symptoms: • _____________ • ______________ • Pain increases during __________ • Treatment: • __________________________ • ________________________________ • Cold pack or ice massage • ________________________________

  37. Special Tests for Knee • ____________________________ • Used to assess the integrity of the MCL and LCL respectively • Testing at ___________ incorporates capsular testing while testing at ____________ of _______ isolates the ligaments Valgus Stress Test Varus Stress Test

  38. Special Tests for Knee • _________________ • Will not force knee into painful flexion immediately after injury • Reduces hamstring involvement • At _________ of ________ an attempt is made to translate the tibia _________ on the femur • A positive test indicates _________ ____________

  39. Special Tests for the Knee • ________________ • Knees are ______ to _________, athlete is __________ • Positive if _________ _________ of the _____ upon the femur

  40. Special Tests for the Knee • _______________ • While knee is flexed, externally rotate the tibia, add valgus force, and extend the knee. Repeat with tibia internally rotated and a varus force • A ______________ is a positive

  41. Special Tests for the Knee • ________________ • Hard downward pressure is applied w/ rotation • _______________ _______________ _______________ • Used to detect ____________

  42. Special Tests for the Knee • _________________ • Athlete remains relaxed with no quadricep contraction, while examiner gently pushes the patella __________ • Positive is if _________ _________ or contracts the ___________ to protect against _______________

  43. Special Tests for the Knee • _____________ (_______________) • Subject is asked to contract quadriceps muscle while examiner applies downward pressure and inferior pressure on the patella • Positive is __________ ___________________ ___________________

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