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Chapter 13

Chapter 13. Diabetic Emergencies and Allergic Reactions. Lesson Objectives . Define diabetes , differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetics, and know how to manage diabetes in the wilderness.

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Chapter 13

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  1. Chapter 13 Diabetic Emergencies and Allergic Reactions

  2. Lesson Objectives • Define diabetes, differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetics, and know how to manage diabetes in the wilderness. • Know how to recognize and manage acute complications of diabetes, including insulin shock and ketoacidosis. • Know how to recognize and manage allergic reactions, including anaphylactic shock, allergic rhinitis, and hives.

  3. Diabetic Emergencies (1 of 6) • Diabetes • Type 1 (insulin-dependent diabetes): Body produces little or no insulin. • Type 2: Body produces some insulin, but not enough.

  4. Diabetic Emergencies (2 of 6) • Diabetes • Diabetics in the wilderness: • Diabetics should let group leader know of condition; discuss trip with physician, and carry adequate supplies. • Supplies include medications and equipment. • Insulin and glucagon should be protected from heat and cold.

  5. Diabetic Emergencies (3 of 6) • Acute complications of diabetes • Insulin shock: Body gets too much insulin, too much exercise, or too little food, causing blood sugar level to fall too low. • Ketoacidosis: Body has too little insulin causing blood sugar levels to become too high. Develops more slowly than insulin shock.

  6. Diabetic Emergencies (4 of 6) • Acute complications of diabetes • What to look for: Insulin shock • Sudden onset of pale, cold, clammy skin and rapid pulse • Headache, hunger, dizziness, nervousness, and weakness • Staggering, poor coordination, and trembling • Mood changes • Altered mental status

  7. Diabetic Emergencies (5 of 6) • Acute complications of diabetes • What to look for: Ketoacidosis • Gradual onset of flushed, dry, warm skin and rapid pulse • Rapid, deep respirations • Extreme thirst • Fruity odor of breath • Vomiting • Frequent urination • Altered mental status

  8. Diabetic Emergencies (6 of 6) • Acute complications of diabetes • What to do: • Check blood sugar. • Determine if victim has an injury or illness or both. • Conduct an initial check and care for immediate problems. • If blood sugar is low, inject glucagon or give glucose gel. • Evacuate those who become worse or do not recover.

  9. Allergic Reactions (1 of 10) • Can be mild and recurrent or sudden and severe. • Anaphylactic shock: A massive allergic reaction with potentially fatal results.

  10. Allergic Reactions (2 of 10) • Anaphylactic shock • What to look for: • Severe itching or hives • Sneezing, coughing, or wheezing • Shortness of breath • Tightness and swelling of the throat and tightness in the chest

  11. Allergic Reactions (3 of 10) • Anaphylactic shock • What to look for: • Dramatic swelling of the face, tongue, and/or mouth • Vomiting, cramps, or diarrhea • Convulsions or loss of responsiveness

  12. Allergic Reactions (4 of 10) • Anaphylactic shock • What to do: • Act quickly! • Check breathing and give CPR if necessary. • Administer epinephrine.

  13. Allergic Reactions (5 of 10) • Anaphylactic shock • What to do: • Monitor condition very few minutes. • Give more epinephrine if necessary. • If you do not have epinephrine, use an asthma inhaler or nasal decongestant spray or antihistamine. • Allow conscious victims to assume a position of comfort.

  14. Allergic Reactions (6 of 10) • Anaphylactic shock • What to do: • After victim improves, give diphenhydramine. • If there is no improvement, evacuate immediately.

  15. Allergic Reactions (7 of 10) • Allergic rhinitis • What to look for: • Itching of the nose, roof of the mouth, throat, and eyes • Stuffy, runny nose and runny eyes • Sneezing

  16. Allergic Reactions (8 of 10) • Allergic rhinitis • What to do: • Avoid the cause, if known. • Give antihistamines or antihistamine/decongestant combinations.

  17. Allergic Reactions (9 of 10) • Hives • What to look for: • Pink, blotchy, itching bumps on the skin • Occasional massive, itching swelling of a lip, eyelid, hand, or foot

  18. Allergic Reactions (10 of 10) • Hives • What to do: • Watch for signs of anaphylactic shock. • Give nonprescription antihistamines.

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