TEST THE SECOND:

1. TEST THE SECOND: Taxonomy, Mitosis and Cellular Respiration “The difference between school and life? In school, you're taught a lesson and then given a test. In life, you're given a test that teaches you a lesson.” Tom Bodett "If more testing were the answer to the problems in our schools, testing would have solved them a long time ago.“ Bill Goodling, chair of House Education Committee "Testing improves education the same way that bombing promotes democracy“ Steve Cohn, Education professor at Tufts University Monday, December 10th, 2007

2. Name ___________________________________________ Date ________________ Period __________ Directions: This test is designed to let your teacher know how much information you have learned over the past few weeks, and to allow you to gauge this as well. Remember to think about your notes, and all the examples and demonstrations that we’ve done in class. Read each question carefully and completely before making your response, and make sure that whatever you write answers every part of the question. Do not leave any blank questions or naked numbers. Blank questions will be marked off at double the rate of a wrong answer. Relax, good luck, and enjoy! 0. What is the worst thing to have happen at 6:00 a.m.? 1. What is the purpose of the mitochondrion? A. To create polypeptides. B. To make energy for the cell. C. To make proteins. D. To hook amino acids together. _________ 2. What is the function of the spindle apparatus in mitosis? 3. The levels of organization for structure and function in the human body from least complex to most complex are A. systems → organs → tissues → cells B. cells → organs → tissues → systems C. tissues → systems → cells → organs D. cells → tissues → organs → systems _________ 4. Which process would produce a species with very little genetic variation? A. Sexual reproduction B. Acrosomal Strategery C. Asexual reproduction D. Pinocytosis _________ 5. A beaker is divided by a membrane as shown below. The membrane is permeable to water, but not to glucose. Draw the appearance of the beaker after several minutes. 6. A student observes that paramecia, when viewed under a microscope, move very rapidly. In order to continue their motion, they must have a lot of energy. The organelle most directly associated with producing this energy is the A. E.R. B. Mitochondrion C. Nucleus D. Chloroplast _________ glucose

3. 7. The best way to classify organisms is by A. Grouping by color B. Size C. Their DNA C. Type of eye _________ 8. Which process usually uses carbon dioxide molecules? A. cellular respiration B. asexual reproduction C. active transport D. autotrophic nutrition _________ 9. When would a cell use fermentation? 10. Marine sponges contain a biological catalyst that blocks a certain step in the separation of chromosomes. Which stage in mitosis would be directly affected by this catalyst? A. Interphase B. Prophase C. Metaphase D. Anaphase _________ 11. Eukaryotes are cells which have nuclei, while prokaryotes do not. Give one example of each type of cell. 12. The picture to starboard represents a mitochondrion performing a life process. What do the arrows represent? A. Electrophoresis B. Release of carbon dioxide C. ADP usage D. Intake of calcium _________ Use the diagram to the left to answer questions 13 and 14. 13. What process is represented in the diagram above? A. Krebs cycle B. Cellular respiration C. Glycolysis D. E.T.C _________ 14. What is the main product of the process above, and where does it go after it is produced?

4. 15. Which part of cellular respiration creates the most ATP? A. Krebs cycle B. Glycolysis C. Reduction D. Electron Transport Chain _________ 16. What is the function of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration? A. They help add phosphates to molecules to give them more energy. B. They move oxygen to the end of the E.T.C. so that it can be the final electron acceptor. C. They carry electrons from glycolysis and Krebs to the E.T.C. D. They act as tugboats to move glucose through cellular respiration. _________ 17. Why do we exhale carbon dioxide? A. It is produced in glycolysis B. It is not needed by the body, so it is simply not absorbed in the lungs C. Three molecules per pyruvate are produced in the Krebs cycle. D. Both B and C. _________ 18. What is the purpose of fermentation? 19. What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration? 20. What is the purpose of “investing” two ATPs at the beginning of glycolysis? 21. Why must oxaloacetate be regenerated in the Krebs cycle? A. If it wasn’t, there would be nothing to add Acetyl CoA to, and the cycle would stop. B. They cycle would stop because no ATP would be delivered by NADH. C. The cycle would continue, using fermentation instead. D. The E.T.C. needs oxaloacetate as the final electron acceptor, so it would stop. _________ 22. When a molecule is oxidized, it A. Looses a neutron B. Gains a neutron C. Looses an electron D. Gains an electron _________ 23. On the diagram of a mitochondrion below, indicate where protons are stored, and show how they move to create ATP.

5. Use the cladogram to starboard to answer questions 24 and 25. 24. Which two groups are most closely related? 25. Which species are extant? 26. Put a check next to the correct location of the following processes. Cytoplasm Mitochondrion Chloroplast Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain 27. What is the overall purpose of cellular respiration? 28. What are two important things that happen during interphase? 29. Why would a cell have to use fermentation? A. There is too much carbon dioxide B. No oxygen is present C. To avoid ATP loss from over-phosphorylation D. Not enough proteins in the E.T.C. _________ 30. Why do cells make chromatin into chromosomes during mitosis? 31. The steps of mitosis are much like a well-choreographed dance; they must go in just the right order, or the whole thing falls apart. Most of the time, mitosis goes very smoothly. However, mistakes can be made. One such mistake has been recently reported in a paper from 2005. The scientists who discovered the mistake found that in some cells, instead of just two centrosomes (one at each side of the cell), there are sometimes three or more. In a few, well-organized paragraphs, completely explain what would happen to the resulting daughter cells and what would be different about anaphase and telophase if more than two centrosomes existed. If you wish, you may draw a picture to help explain your answer, but you must have a written response as well.