1 / 47

Dr.pardeep Kumar

Heart. Dr.pardeep Kumar. The Truth About Your Heart. Heart: Heart is a hollow, muscular organ, situated in the middle Mediastinum. It is enclosed within the pericardium. Measurements Length - 12 cm (Apex to Base) Width - 6 cm (Anterior Posterior)

lawson
Télécharger la présentation

Dr.pardeep Kumar

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Heart Dr.pardeep Kumar The Truth About Your Heart

  2. Heart: • Heart is a hollow, muscular organ, situated in the middle Mediastinum. • It is enclosed within the pericardium. Measurements • Length - 12 cm (Apex to Base) • Width - 6 cm (Anterior Posterior) • Widest transverse diameter – 8 – 9 cm • Weight – • Male 300g • Female - 250g Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  3. Position • It lies obliquely behind the sternum, so that 1/3 lies to the right & 2/3 to the left of the median plain Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  4. External Features of the Heart -The Human heart has 4 Chambers. These are the • Rt. Atrium • Lt Atrium • Rt. Ventricles • Lt Ventricles. • -The Atria are separated from the ventricles by a circular Atrioventricular or Coronary sulcus & lies above & behind the Ventricles. Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  5. -The Ventricles are separated from each other by an interventricular groove, which is sub divided into Anterior & Posterior part • -The upper part of each atrium has an Appendage called the Auricles Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  6. For practical purposes, the heart may be considered to have an apex, base, 4 borders & 2 surfaces • Borders of the Heart Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  7. Apex, Base & Surfaces of the Heart Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  8. Relations Post Surface (Base) • pericardium • Rt pulmonary veins • esophagus • aorta • These separate it from (TV5-8 or TV6-9) The 4 pulmonary veins open into the Lt Atrium The SVC opens into sup part IVC opens into inferior part of RV Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  9. Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  10. Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  11. Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  12. Anatomical Position This is the specimen of the heart with great vessels • Apex is directed downwards, forwards & to the left & lies in the left 5th intercostal space 9 cm from the midline • Base lies posteriorly & is directed backwards & to the right • Sternocostalis surface is directed forwards, upwards & to the left • Inferior or diaphragmatic surface is direced downwards & slightly backwards Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  13. Valves of Heart Have 2 pairs of Valves • 2 Semi lunar valves • Pulmonary valves [3 cusps] • Aortic valves[3 cusps] • 2 Atrio ventricular valves • Rt Atrio ventricular valve/ Tricuspid valve[3 cusps] • Lt Atrio ventricular valve/ Mitral valve/ Bicuspid valve[2 cusps] Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  14. Valves are made up of following components • Fibrous ring to which cusps are attached • Cusps are flat & project into ventricle cavity • Cusps are folds of endocardium • Cusps have • Attached & free margin • Atrial & ventricular surface • Atrial surface - Is smooth • Ventricular surface - Is rough & irregular due to attachment of chordate tendinae Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  15. Chordae tendenae • They are cord like strands of connective tissue that connect the free margin of Mitral & Tricuspid valves to the papillary muscles Papillary muscles • They are conical muscular projections formed by myocardium enclosed by endocardium that connect the ventricular wall with the chordate tendinae •  One papillary muscle is connected to halves of two cusps Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  16. Tricuspid valve Guards the Rt. Atrioventricular opening • 3 cusps • Anterior, Posterior or inferior & septal • 3 papillary muscle • Anterior is largest • Posterior smaller & irregular • Septal Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  17. Mitral valve Guards the Lt. Atrioventricular orifice • 2 cusps • Anterior/Aortic cusp & posterior cusp • It admits two fingers Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  18. Semilunar valves • Pulmonary valve guards the Pulmonary opening • Aortic valve guards the Aortic opening  3 cusps • Attached to vessels wall directly & has no fibrous cap Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  19. Right Atrium • It forms the base of the heart, anterior surface of the heart, & Rt. Border • Extends from the orifice of the SVC behind the 3rd costal cartilage to the orifice of IVC behind the 6th Rt. Costal cartilage External Features • Upper end is prolongated to the left to form Rt. Auricle • Shallow vertical groove called sulcus terminalis run along the Rt. Border of Atrium extending between SVC & IVC. Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  20. Internal Features It is divided into 3 parts • Smooth posterior part/Sinus Venarum • Rough Anterior part/ pectinate part including the auricle • Septal wall Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  21. Smooth posterior part/Sinus Venarum It has opening for SVC, IVC, Coronary sinus & venae cordis minimi • SVC opens at upper end • IVC opens at lower end • Coronary sinus opens between the opening of IVC & tricuspid valve • Venae cordis minimi present in the walls of all 4 chambers they open into Rt. Autrium through small foramina (Foramen venarum minimarum) Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  22. Rough Anterior part/ pectinate part • It is a series of transverse muscular ridges called pectinate muscle. • They arise from crista terminalis & run forward & downward towards Atrioventricular orifice giving appearance of teeth of comb Septal wall • Fossa Ovalis – It is an oval depression above & to the left of the opening of inferior vena cava • The margin of the fossa ovalis is called annulus ovalis Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  23. Right Ventricle • It is a Triangular chamber. • It forms inferior surface, large part of anterior surface, inferior border of heart Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  24. Right Ventricle Internal Features • It has two parts • The inflowing part is rough due to presence of muscular ridges called trabeculae Cornae • The out flowing part is smooth & forms the upper conical part of Rt. Ventricle which gives rise to pulmonary trunk • This two part is separated by muscular ridge called supraventricular crest (infundibulo ventricular crest) Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  25. Inflowing Part • The interior of inflowing part shows trabeculae carnaea or muscular ridges of three types • Ridges/ fixed elevations • Bridges having two fixed ends with free centre • Pillars/papillary muscles with one end attached to ventricular wall & the other end connected to cusps of tricuspid valve by chordate tendinae • The wall of Rt ventricle is thinner than that of left ventricle in ratio 1:3 Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  26. Outflowing part • It is conical, smooth walled & truncated • It is directed upwards, backwards & to the left • The apex of the infundibulum presents pulmonary orifice Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  27. Left Autrim • It is situated posteriorly • Its appendages Lt. Auricle projects upwards & medially • It contributes to form 2/3rd of the base of the heart Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  28. Left Autrim Features • Anterior wall of Atrium is formed by interatrial septum • Two pulmonary veins opens into atrium on each side of the posterior wall • The greater part of the interior of Atrium is smooth • In Auricle, Musculi Pectinati are present which forms the reticulum • The septal wall show fossa lunate corresponding to fossa ovales of Rt. Atrium Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  29. Left Ventricle • It contributes to form apex of heart, Lt. Border, 2/3 of inferior surface of heart, Anterior surface Interior of Heart • Divided into 2 parts • Upper Smooth part • Gives origin to Asecding Aorta Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  30. Left Ventricle • Lower rough part • Consists of Trabeculae Carnae • Consists of 2 orifices • Aortic orifice guarded by aortic valve • Lt. Atrioventricular guarded by Bicuspid valve • They are 2 papillary muscles - Anterior & Posterior Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  31. Interartial septum • It intervenes between right & left Atria • It is placed obliquely so that the right atrium lies in front & to the Rt. Side • The septum is indicated externally by the interatrial groove Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  32. Interventricular Septum • It is placed obliquely backwards & to the Rt. & presents a convexity towards the right ventricle • It is indicated externally by anterior & posterior interventricular groove • The walls of two ventricles are joined by interventricular septum • consists of 2 parts: • 1. Membranous part – Anterior inferior part • 2. Muscular part – Posterior superior part Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  33. Heart: Conducting System • Definition - Intrinsic system of the Heart where specialized cells in the myocardium initiate & conduct cardiac impulse to cause rhythmical contraction of the Heart muscle  Components of conducting system • SA node • AV node • AV bundle (of His) – R & L terminal branches • Purkinje fibres Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  34. Sino-Atrial Node • Found in upper part of sulcus terminalis just to the Rt of opening of SVC • Site of initiation of cardiac impulses  pacemaker • Cardiac impulses spread through Arial myocardium to reach the AV node • Generates impulse at the rate of 70/min Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  35. Atrio-Ventricular Node • Found in lower & dorsal part of atrial septum just above attachment of septal cusp of tricuspid valve • links atrium & ventricle • impulses are then conducted to AV bundle • Generates impulse at the rate of 60/ min Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  36. Atrio-Ventricular Bundle (of His) • arise from AV node • divides into Rt & Lt branches Purkinje Plexus • These are found in the subendocardial regions of the ventricles Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  37. Blood Supply Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  38. Heart: Blood Supply • The arterial supply of the heart is provided by the Rt & Lt coronary artery • Both arteries run in Coronary sulcus Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  39. Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  40. Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  41. Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  42. Venous Drainage • coronary sinus receives most of the venous drainage of the heart  opens into RA most of the blood returned via • great cardiac vein-accompanies anterior interventricular artery • middle cardia vein-accompanies posterior interventricular artery • small cardiac vein-accompanies marginal branch of Rt coronary art • the rest of the blood is returned via ant cardiac vein • small veins that open directly into the heart chambers Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  43. Pericardium • It is a fibroserous sac that encloses the heart & the roots of the great vessels & situated in the middle Mediastinum Layers of Pericardium • Outer Fibrous Pericardium • Inner Double-Layered Serous Pericardium • It has outer parietal layer which fuse with fibrous pericardium • Inner visceral layers are continuous with the heart • These two layers are continuous with each other at the roots of the great vessels Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  44. Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  45. Pericardial Cavity • potential space between the parietal & visceral layers • Contains serous fluid for lubrication during beating of the heart Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  46. Contents of Pericardium • Heart • Lower part of SVC • Terminal parts of IVC • Terminal parts of Pulmonary vein • Pulmonary trunk • Ascending trunk Dr. Pardeep Kumar

  47. Dr. Pardeep Kumar

More Related