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Understanding Mental Illness

Understanding Mental Illness. By Evelyn Stone, RN., BSN., M.Ed. What Are the Symptoms of Mental Illness in Children?. Symptoms vary depending on the type of mental illness. General Symptoms of Mental Illness. Inability to cope with daily problems & activities Changes in sleeping pattern

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Understanding Mental Illness

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  1. Understanding Mental Illness By Evelyn Stone, RN., BSN., M.Ed.

  2. What Are the Symptoms of Mental Illness in Children? • Symptoms vary depending on the type of mental illness

  3. General Symptoms of Mental Illness • Inability to cope with daily problems & activities • Changes in sleeping pattern • Changes in eating habits • Excessive complaints of physical ailments • Defying authority • Skipping school • Stealing or damaging properrty

  4. General Symptoms Of MI in Children (continued) • Intense fear of weight gain • Thoughts of death • Hyperactivity • Night terrors • Persistent disobedience • Aggressive behavior • Temper tantrums

  5. How is Mental Illness in Children Diagnosed? • Diagnosed based on signs & symptoms • Many behaviors that are seen as symptoms – shyness, anxiety, strange eating habits and temper tantrums can occur as normal development. • Behavior becomes symptoms when they occur very often, last a long time, occur at an unusual age.

  6. How Children are Diagnosed (continued) • The physician will begin evaluating by doing a complete physical exam, medical history, & lab work.. • Lab work and x-rays may be used to rule out other conditions. • If no physical illness is found the child will be referred to a child psychiatrist or psychologist

  7. What is the Prognosis for Children With Mental Illness? • When treated early children may recover or control their symptoms • Some children may become disabled adults because of a chronic or sever disorder • Without treatment children become mentally disabled adults

  8. (continued) • Many people who have mentally illness are able to live productive lives.

  9. Diagnosis of Children • ADD- Attention Deficit Disorder • ADHD – Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder • Bipolar Disorder • Depression • ODD – Opposition Defiant Disorder

  10. Mood – related Disorders Panic Disorder Phobic Disorders Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

  11. Treatment Modalities • Drugs • Herbal therapy • Psychotherapy • Diet • Counseling

  12. Frequently Prescribed Drugs for Children • Concerta – ADHD • Ritalin – ADD, ADHD, ODD • Depakote – Bipolar, manic depression • Depakote Sprinkles - Bipolar • Clonazepam - Schizophrenia • Inderal – Aggression • Lamictal – bipolar features, schizoaffective

  13. Drugs (continued) • Abilify - depression • Clonidine – behavior • Seroquel – anxiety, aggression, hallucinations • Zyprexia • ** these drugs may be used in conjunction with other drugs and may be used to treat adults as well.

  14. Psychiatric Medications Elavil Tofranil Sinequan Anafranil Norpramin Pamelor Vivactyl Surmontil

  15. Panic Disorder Client has a physiological response to fear The heart may race May have chest pain Shortness of breath

  16. Phobia Irrational focus on things Flying Water Storms Heights Closed in spaces

  17. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Obsessive thoughts Usually follow through with rituals Usually hand washing

  18. Schizophrenia A complicated illness usually manifested by hearing and seeing things that are not there. Treated with Seroquel, Zyprexa, Geodon. Supportive Counseling.

  19. PTSD Occurs sometimes years after a trauma has occurred Car Accident War Plane Crash Flashbacks

  20. MAO s (Mono Amine Oxidase) Nardil Parnate Phenelzine

  21. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inh Prozac Effexor Paxil Serzone Zoloft Luvox Celexa Lexapro Wellbutrin Desyrel

  22. Mood Stabilizers Eskalith, Lithobid, Lithonate Tegretol Depakote Lamictal Neurontin Verapamil Calan Topamax

  23. Anti-Psychotic medications Thorazine Seroquel Mellaril Risperdal Trilafon Geodon Stelazine Abilify Navane Haldol Loxitane Moban Clozaril Zyprexa

  24. Anti-Anxiety Drugs Xanax Vistaril Librium Klonopin Tranxene Valium Ativan Serax Buspar

  25. Side Effects of Psychotropics Parkinsonism – tremor, stiffness, shuffling Restlessness (akathesia) Muscle Cramps (dystonia) Tardive Dyskinesia (unusual body movements)

  26. Anticholinergic Effects Constipation Urinary slowing Ejaculation Problem Decreased Sweating Dry Mouth Blurry Vision

  27. Depression • Patient sad • No energy • Hopeless • Helpless • Sometimes suicidal (wants to take his or her own life).

  28. Bipolar/Manic Depression (continued) Treated with antidepressants: Zoloft Celexa, Paxil Remeron Prozac and others Also referred to as Unipolar. Also treated by supportive counseling.

  29. Manic Depression Patient’s mood swings from a very depressed state to a very hyper manic state. Often judgement is impaired; patient may not be sleeping. May talk very fast and be unable to focus on any activity. Also referred to as Bipolar. Treated with mood stabilizers such as Lithium, Topomax and Depakote; also supportive counseling.

  30. Anxiety Disorders Patient suffers from excessive fear or worrying.

  31. Conclusion • When a client is diagnosed, remember to instruct client/guardian or parent to follow up with what was recommended or prescribed. • observe for unusual sleeping and eating pattern. • Investigate • Report and document • Document what you observe and your interventions • Maintain safety • Reassure Client’s safety

  32. Services: • “Q” Service • Write Policy Manuals for Group Homes • Medication Administration • Medication Aide (Board of Nursing) • Certified Nurse Assistant Course • Mental Health Hab Tech Course • Mental Illness • Seizure Management

  33. Services (continued) • Boundaries • Incidents • Blood Borne Pathogens • Traits of a Professional • Care of the Behaviorally Managed Adult • Developmental Disabilities

  34. Contact Instructor Evelyn Stone 1008 Big Oak Court, Ste F Knightdale, NC 27545 Mental Health Group Homes Coalition www.qprofessionalmentalhealthservice.com stn-vlyn@yahoo.com (919) 266-7050 Phone (919) 266-7052 Fax

  35. Blood Borne Pathogens By Evelyn Stone, RN., BSN., M.Ed. Mental Health Group Homes Coalition www.qprofessionalmentalhealthservice.com

  36. Infection Control The purpose of the Infection Control Program is to: Prevent infection among clients and staff Detect any out break of infection Ensure the correct effective treatment

  37. Signs of an Infection • Elevated temperature • Change in vital signs • Complaints of pain • Lethargy • Change in appetite • Discharge or drainage • Change in color of affected part

  38. Preventing the Spread of Infection • Hand washing the most effective • Always remember to turn off the faucet with a paper towel • Take any special precautions that is needed • Take antibiotics as prescribed

  39. Types of Infections • Viruses – noncurable and curable • Bacteria - TB • Fungi – Athlete’s foot & Ringworm • Aerobic – bacteria that grows with oxygen • Anaerobic – bacteria that does NOT require oxygen

  40. Bloodborne Pathogens When are standard precaution used? How are bloodborne pathogens spread? What personal protective equipment is used? What is the most effective means of preventing the spread of infection?

  41. Blood Borne Diseases • HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Syphyllis • Hepatitis B virus

  42. How Does Hepatitis Affect the Body? • The Bacteria acts on part of the digestive tract • Liver

  43. HIV • Spread via blood • Body fluids with blood • Sexual contact • Contact with lesions and wounds • Blood Transfusion • Homosexual and heterosexual activity • Contaminated needle sticks

  44. How to Prevent the Spread of Blood Borne Diseases • Do NOT recap needles • Use personal protective equipment • Refrain from multiple partners & get tested • Use the BIOHAZARD CONTAINERS to dispose • of blood products and waste • Proper clean up of blood spills

  45. Tuberculosis How is TB spread? Why is TB screening necessary? TB is a curable disease when treated with medication.

  46. Signs of TB • Night sweats • Fever • Coughing up blood • Fatigue • Poor appetite

  47. Treatment • INH • Pyrodoxine • 6 months to 12 months • Get Blood tested as prescribed

  48. Conclusion • Remember to wash your hands • Before eating • After going to the bathroom • Before providing care to clients • After handling contaminated materials • Wash hands at least 15 seconds • Turn off the faucett with paper towels

  49. Services • Other classes: Med Aide *** NCBON Mental Health Hab tech ** (80 hours) Culture Diversity Autism Schizoprenia Bipolar Disorder

  50. Continued • Care of The Mentally Behavioral Client • Incidents • How to Write Your Policy Manual • CNA *** (80 hours) • Seizure Management • Medication Transcription, Administration, & Documentation

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