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National Needs

National Needs. REU Program, 2012. James McCalley ( jdm@iastate.edu ). Sankey Diagram. 40%. 17%. 26%. Electric Generation 39.97. Solar, 0.09. Unused Energy (Losses) 57.07. 8.45. 12.68. Nuclear, 8.45. 27.39. 6.82. 20.54. Hydro, 2.45. Wind, 0.51. Residential 11.48.

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National Needs

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  1. National Needs REU Program, 2012 James McCalley (jdm@iastate.edu)

  2. Sankey Diagram 40% 17% 26%

  3. Electric Generation 39.97 Solar, 0.09 Unused Energy (Losses) 57.07 8.45 12.68 Nuclear, 8.45 27.39 6.82 20.54 Hydro, 2.45 Wind, 0.51 Residential 11.48 Geothermal0.35 Natural Gas 23.84 Used Energy 42.15 Commercial 8.58 Industrial 23.94 Coal 22.42 8.58 20.9 Biomass 3.88 Trans-portation 27.86 Petroleum 37.13 26.33 6.95 LightDuty: 17.12Q Freight: 7.55Q Aviation: 3.19Q 3

  4. US ENERGY USE IS ABOUT 70% ELECTRIC & TRANSPORTATION GREENING ELECTRIC & ELECTRIFYING TRANSPORTATION SOLVES THE EMISSIONS PROBLEM US CO2 EMISSIONS* IS ABOUT 71% ELECTRIC & TRANSPORTATION * Anthropogenic

  5. INCREASE Non-GHG 12Q to 30Q USE 11Q Electric for transportation 4.5Q Electric Generation 49.72 Solar, 1.0 Unused Energy (Losses) 43.0 15 12.68 24.5 Nuclear,15 6.82 20.54 Hydro, 2.95 Wind, 8.1 Residential 11.48 Geothermal 3.04 REDUCE COAL 22Q TO 10Q Natural Gas 23.84 Used Energy 42.15 Commercial 8.58 IGCC, 2.26 Industrial 23.94 Old Coal 10.42 8.58 8.5 Biomass 3.88 Trans-portation 15.5 Petroleum 15.13 26.33 6.95 REDUCE PETROLEUM 37Q15Q LightDuty: 8.56Q Freight: 3.75Q Aviation: 3.19Q 5

  6. Why was wind growth in 2010/2011 less than in previous years? • Poor 2008-2009 economy: • Less willingness to load, to build projects • Less power demand! Declining natural gas prices 7

  7. Background on Wind Energy in US Percentage of New Capacity Additions. N. GAS WIND Source: AWEA 2010 Annual Wind Report 8

  8. Grand Challenge Question For Energy: What investments should be made, how much, when, and where, at the national level, over the next 40 years, to achieve a sustainable, low cost, and resilient energy & transportation system? 9

  9. GEOTHERMAL SOLAR CLEAN-FOSSIL Where, when, how much of each, & how to interconnect? NUCLEAR BIOMASS Wind

  10. Grand Challenges For Wind: • Move wind energy from where it is harvested to where it can be used • Develop economically-attractive methods to accommodate increased variability and uncertainty introduced by large wind penetrations in operating the grid. • Improve wind turbine/farm economics (decrease investment and maintenance costs, increase operating revenues). • Address potential concerns about local siting, including wildlife, aesthetics, and impact on agriculture. 11

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