Be able to communicate and behave in a professional manner when dealing with clients

1. Level 3 Diploma in Make-up ArtistryClient care and communication in beauty-related industriesApply make-up

3. Be able to communicate and behave in a professional manner when dealing with clients What is a professional manner? Respect to clients and colleagues and be trustworthy Good customer service skills Appearance suitable for workplace – with good personal hygiene Consult with clients in an effective and detailed way – give feedback Be knowledgeable and able to explain treatments to clients Adopt a duty of care to clients, protect client modesty and maintain confidentiality

4. Effective communication in the salon What is effective communication? What is ineffective communication?

5. Adapt methods of communication What methods of communication do you use to communicate with your client?

6. Maximise the client experience Consult with client in a private, comfortable area, with no barriers between self and client Make client at ease Use positive body language Use both verbal and non-verbal language Demonstrate professionalism and integrity – knowledgeable, confident and enthusiastic Use good listening skills Record information accurately

7. Suitable Consultation Techniques Use good communication skills – use open and closed questioning to obtain all the information required Listen carefully to responses Maintain confidentiality of information Discuss any contra-indications and contra-actions Outline the benefits of the treatment Plan a treatment programme (take into account client’s religious, moral and social beliefs)

8. Suitable Consultation Techniques Select, agree and make a record of treatment products Obtain informed consent (agreement on course of action after receiving all relevant information) and agree the objectives and recommended treatment plan How the completed treatment will be reviewed or evaluated Maintenance of confidentiality and discretion Agree with client the course of action and treatment methods advised Obtain the client’s signature (signed by both client and therapist – legal document)

9. Contra-indications and Contra-actions CONTRA-INDICATIONS refers to a condition that is present that will restrict or prevent make-up being carried out, or medical approval before procedures can go ahead They include: external conditions such as contagious skin diseases Internal medical conditions that become apparent during consultation

10. Contra-indications and Contra-actionsCONTRA-INDICATIONS If a contra-indication is present, act discreetly – do not alarm the client. Inform the client, they should not be embarrassed or uncomfortable Restrictions to treatment: Non-contagious bacterial skin disorders (acne vulgaris, acne rosacea, boils) – if infected Contagious viral skin disease (cold sores, warts) – avoid area or use disposable applicators and follow strict hygiene precautions Non-contagious eye disorders (styes) – avoid area, use separate applicators on each eye Cuts and abrasions – avoid area, make-up artist may wish to use protective gloves (PPE) Bruising or swelling – avoid if painful to touch or if swelling is present

11. Contra-indicationsThe Risks Performing procedures on clients that show contra-indications will: Put clients at risk – the make-up could make the condition worse Put other clients and the make-up artist at risk from cross-infection Lead to insurance claims and the make-up artist being sued

12. Contra-actions A contra-action is something that goes wrong during a treatment that can stop the treatment being carried out – ie having an allergic reaction Examples are: The client’s skin is sensitive and erythema occurs during the make-up The client fails to mention an existing condition or is not aware that they had one – such as eye infection A rash occurs Client’s eyes begin to water and smudge make-up application If a contra-action occurs a cold compress must be applied or the product removed. Stop make-up application

13. Importance of respecting a client’s personal space Don’t position yourself too close to your client. Ensure the comfort of your client – both physical and mental – you need to take into account their age, gender, religious beliefs, nationality, sexual orientation, education, physical appearance, education, social class and economic status – as to how these may affect your client.

14. Advantages/Disadvantages of types of communication Select and use the correct communication method(s) to suit the specific client and circumstances

15. Be able to prepare for make-up Prepare Yourself Work wear Personal behaviour and appearance Prepare Client Client care and modesty Know procedure for preparing client for treatment Prepare Work Area Equipment Products (kit) Hygiene (sterilising/sanitising tools/equipment)

16. Use suitable consultation techniques Familiarise yourself with consultation form Consult in a suitable area using positive body language Position client appropriately Communicate clearly to complete consultation form, create a treatment plan specifying products Maintain confidentiality Obtain consent and client’s signature In pairs, complete a consultation form

17. Introduction to make up application

18. So what as makeup artists do we need to know to ensure we can apply makeup correctly and also to protect our client? • In pairs have a think and list as many things as possible we need to take into consideration. You have 5 minutes

19. What do I need to learn? In order to be able to carry out a competent facial treatment you will need to understand: • Health, safety and hygiene procedures. • How to correctly prepare for the treatment. • Consultation procedures. • Contra-indications to facial treatments. • Understand the effects of the different skin care products – cleansers, toners, moisturisers, massage mediums, masks and specialist products. • Skin analysis, how to recognise different skin types and conditions. • Facial routine – use and benefits of each stage of the facial. • Aftercare and contra-action advice. • Anatomy and physiology of the skin, muscles, bones, blood and lymph. • Factors that affect the skin.

20. How to Use Color Theory for Makeup Application Warm and Cool Colors Warm and cool colors form the basis of all makeup application. Three main factors to consider when choosing colors for a client: skin color, eye color, and hair color.

21. Determining Skin Color

22. Structure of the Skin

23. Layers of the Skin The skin is made up of 3 main layers: • Epidermis • Dermis • Subcutaneous layer

24. Epidermis • This is the outermost layer of the skin (the part that you can see), it does not have a blood supply of its own and is made up of 5 layers: • Horny layer – the outer layer of the skin, this is made up of scale like cells which are continuously shed (corn flakes). • Clear layer- this is made up of small transparent cells through which light can pass. This layer is only present in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. • Granular layer – this layer is usually 1-3 layers thick. The cells have distinct granules and keratin is produced in this layer. • Prickle cell layer – this layer is 3-6 layers thick and the cells are constantly dividing. • Germinating layer – a single basal layer of cells, that contain the pigment melanin. The cells of the epidermis are produced in this layer and have a distinct nuclei. These cells divide continuously by a process known as mitosis.

25. Diagram of a cross section of the epidermis Horny layer – stratum corneum Clear layer – stratum lucidum Granular layer – stratum granulosum Prickle cell layer – stratum spinosum Germinating layer – stratum germinativum

26. Dermis This layer is often referred to as the true skin as it forms the bulk of the skin. The dermis contains 2 layers: • Papillary Layer – lies directly under the epidermis, it is quite thin and has cone like projections called papillae. It provides nutrients and oxygen to the germinating layer of the epidermis • Reticular Layer – this lies below the papillary layer and is the main portion of the dermis. Within the reticular layer are collagen and elastin fibres. Collagen gives the skin a plump and youthful appearance and is a white fibrous tissue made up of proteins. Elastin gives the skin its elastic properties and is made up of yellow elastic tissue. Within the dermis are various other structures known as appendages.

27. Subcutaneous layer • This is located under the dermis and is mainly made up of fat cells (adipose tissue). This fatty layer of the skin provides the plump contours of the body, protection, insulation, support and a food supply if needed. A certain amount of fat in the face is beneficial as it plumps out the facial contours making the face look more youthful. If a client looses a lot of weight quite rapidly you will notice that they look as though they have aged.

28. Sweat glands The sweat glands, which are sometimes referred to as the sudoriferous glands, extend from the epidermis into the dermis and are found all over the body, however they are particularly numerous in the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet They regulate the body temperature by allowing sweat to evaporate from the body. There are two different types of sweat glands: • Eccrine glands – are found all over the body and secrete a watery fluid. • Apocrine glands – are found in the underarms, nipple and groin area and become active at puberty. They secrete a thicker fluid and body odour can occur when bacteria starts to break down the sweat.

29. Hair follicle The hair follicle is an indentation of the epidermis with it’s walls forming a protective layer that houses the hair.

30. Hair shaft The hair shaft is the portion of the hair that lies above the skins surface. It is the visible part that you see such as the eyebrows, eyelashes, body hair and the hair on the head.

31. Blood supply Blood is supplied to the skin by small blood vessels known as blood capillaries. All parts of our body require a blood supply as it provides the vital oxygen and nutrients that tissues require in order to survive. The capillaries also remove waste products and toxins from the tissues. The capillaries also help to maintain the body temperature by dilating (widening) and constricting (narrowing).

32. Dermal papilla The dermal papilla is the blood supply for the hair and its follicle. It provides food and oxygen, which are essential for the growth of the hair. The dermal papilla is a separate organ that serves the follicle; it is not part of the hair.

33. ArrectorPili Muscle This muscle is attached to the hair follicle and it contracts when you are cold or frightened causing the hair to stand up on end. This action traps a layer of warm air around the body to keep the body warm. When the muscles contracts it pulls on the skin around the follicle opening therefore producing goose pimples.

34. Sebaceous glands These glands are found all over the body except for the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet and produce the natural oil of the skin - sebum. The sebaceous glands become more active at puberty due to the increased levels of androgens (male hormone) being produced. Men generally secrete more sebum than women, and you will usually note that the sebaceous glands become less active as we get older. Sebum is bactericidal and fungicidal and so prevents against infection, it also provides protection and prevents the skin from drying out.

35. Nerve endings Sensory nerve endings are found in the skin and detect changes in the environment such as heat, cold, touch, pain and pressure. There are different nerve endings that detect the different sensations. They send messages to our brain to let us know what we are feeling. Motor nerves bring messages from our brain to bring about a response.

36. Functions of the Skin

37. Sensation Heat regulation Absorption Protection Excretion Secretion Vitamin D production There are 7 main functions of the skin and these are:

38. Sensation Acts as a sense organ to detect changes in the environment such as heat, cold, touch, pressure and pain.

39. Heat regulation Helps to keep body at a constant temperature of 37C by dilation (widening) and constriction (narrowing) of the blood vessels. Sweat evaporation also keeps the body cool. The subcutaneous fat insulates the body.

40. Absorption The skin has a limited amount of absorption properties. It can absorb certain particles that are small enough to be absorbed such as female hormones, nicotine patches, ingredients within facial preparations etc.

41. Protection A waterproof coat protects the body against dirt, bacterial infection and chemical attack. • Acid mantle pH 5.5 ( made up from sebum and sweat) discourages growth of bacteria and also fungi. • The horny layer of the epidermis acts as a filter against bacteria. • Melanin in the epidermis protects against damage form ultra violet rays.

42. Excretion Waste products such as lactic acid, urea and salts are lost through perspiration, however this is only a minor function.

43. Secretion Sebum is secreted by the sebaceous glands.

44. Vitamin D production This occurs due to the reaction of sunlight on the skin producing a chemical reaction.

45. Skin Types & Conditions

49. Skin Conditions

50. The different skin conditions • Sensitive • Dehydrated • Seborrhoea • Comedone • Papules & pustules • Open pores • Milia • Broken capillaries • Hyper pigmentation • Hypo pigmentation • Dermatosis papulosa nigra • Pseudo folliculitis • Pseudo folliculitis barbae • Keloids • Ingrowing hairs