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Symbiotic Relationships in Coral Reefs

Symbiotic Relationships in Coral Reefs. Symbiosis. “Living Together”. Types of Symbiosis. Mutualism Both the symbiont and host benefit. Commensalism The symbiont benefits with little effect on the host. Parasitism The symbiont benefits to the detriment of the host. Aegism

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Symbiotic Relationships in Coral Reefs

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  1. Symbiotic Relationships in Coral Reefs

  2. Symbiosis “Living Together”

  3. Types of Symbiosis • Mutualism • Both the symbiont and host benefit. • Commensalism • The symbiont benefits with little effect on the host. • Parasitism • The symbiont benefits to the detriment of the host.

  4. Aegism • An association for protection • Inquilism • One organism shelters within another organisms • Endoecism • One org shelters in the burrow or defensive shelter of another • Phoresis • One org uses another for transportation • Epizoism • - A sessile org lives on top of another

  5. Obligate Versus FacultativeRelationships

  6. Obligate Relationship: Relationship is necessary for organism to survive Ex. coral and zooxanthellae Facultative Relationship: Can survive without symbiont, but not as well Ex. anemone fish and anemone

  7. Mutualism

  8. zooxanthellae and corals

  9. Zooxanthellae give corals: • Increase coral growth by enhancing calcification process • Provide energy • Give oxygen • Coral give zooxanthellae: • Nitrogen waste • A place to live • Carbon dioxide waste • Protection through their hard skeletons and stinging cells • Harmful UV light is filtered by coral pigments

  10. Trapezia crab coming out of its host coral (Pocillopora damicornis) to attack the arm of an invading Crown of Thorns Starfish

  11. anemonefish and sea anemones

  12. goby shrimp and the Hawaiian shrimp goby

  13. cleaner wrasse cleaning stations

  14. banded coral shrimp

  15. scarlet cleaner shrimp

  16. pompom crabs and sea anemones

  17. anemone hermit crab and sea anemones

  18. Camouflage Decorator Crab Sponge crab

  19. Hunting strategies

  20. Mangrove and sponges

  21. Commensalism

  22. sea cucumber crab and sea cucumbers

  23. Christmas tree worms and Porites corals

  24. coral shrimps and corals

  25. gall crabs and pocilloporid corals

  26. petroglyph shrimp and Porites lobata

  27. squat anemone shrimp and sea anemones

  28. crabs and sea anemones

  29. sea star shrimp and sea stars

  30. urchin shrimp and sea urchins

  31. shrimpfish & sea urchins

  32. Barnacles on whale

  33. Remora on whale shark (open water)

  34. Parasitism

  35. Epitomium snails andmushroom corals

  36. parasitic flatworms and rice coral

  37. parasitic nudibranchs

  38. coral “zits” on Porites compressa

  39. bacterial diseases on corals

  40. Ewa “fangtooth” blenny

  41. Cookie-cutter shark

  42. Inquiry • Define mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. • Provide examples of each. • What are the benefits the zooxanthellae and coral receive?

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