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The Foundations of European Exploration

The Foundations of European Exploration. C16, S2 pp. 388 - 391. Improvements in Technology. Mapmaking More accurate Navigation - Compass- enabled ships to sail beyond sight of land & not get lost New ships- traveled further, faster, & through harsh weather conditions. Economic Changes.

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The Foundations of European Exploration

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  1. The Foundations of European Exploration C16, S2 pp. 388 - 391

  2. Improvements in Technology • Mapmaking • More accurate • Navigation- • Compass- enabled ships to sail beyond sight of land & not get lost • New ships- • traveled further, faster, & through harsh weather conditions

  3. Economic Changes • Commercial Revolution- (1400s-1700s) • Standardization of money • Banks could store & lend large sums of money to governments or businesses wanting to explore • Joint-Stock Company • Money raised by selling shares (stock) to investors • Raise large sums of money to finance exploration • European Monarchs (1400s-1500s) • sought riches through conquest & discovery that would make them more powerful than rival countries

  4. Belief that there is a fixed amount of money available in the world and it is the job of the government to do all that it can to increase the country’s wealth Measured by gold & silver Favorable Balance of Trade- Tariffs- reduced the amount of goods from other countries Subsides- encouraged new industries for export Role of Colonies- Colonies not allowed to manufacture or import goods Forced to buy manufactured goods from home country Mercantilism

  5. Social Change • Social changes • Curiosity & spirit of discovery from the Renaissance & Scientific Revolution • Hope of wealth or gain land • Escape religious persecution or spread religion

  6. Portugal’s First Explorers • Prince Henry- “The Navigator” • Wanted Gold for Portugal • Bartolomeu Dias-(1488) • Cape of Good Hope • Vasco da Gama- • Indian Ocean • Both found trade route from Europe to India & the East Indies

  7. Christopher Columbus • Wanted to find shorter route to Asia • Landed inmodern day Bahamas • Thought he found an island off the coast of India; called the “West Indies” I’m not as nice as you think

  8. Impact of Columbus’ Voyages

  9. Dividing the New Lands • Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) • Spain and Portugalmost powerful countries split the world in half

  10. Vespucci, Balboa, & Magellan • Amerigo Vespucci-America named after him • Vasco Nunez Balboa(Spain)- Panama • Ferdinand Magellan(Portugal)- 1519 • Pacific Ocean(pacificus = calm) • 1st round-the- world voyage

  11. Look at map on page 396 • Copy the voyages onto the blank map • Answer the following questions on the back: • How did Dias and Da Gama enable Portugal to trade directly with Asia? • Why did Portugal take the lead in finding a sea route? • How did these explorations give Portugal a trade advantage over other European nations?

  12. The Slave Trade • Triangular Trade-goods to Africa, slaves to the Americas, products to Europe • Not all African kingdoms participated in slave trade

  13. Portuguese Expansion • Conquered most of Asian Islands, East African coast, and Brazil • BUT…..

  14. Portuguese Empire Weakens • Portuguese government • Weak • lacked wealth & population for expansion/colonization • In 1580, Spain annexed Portugal • Regained independence in 1640

  15. Spanish Colonial Empire • Conquistadors- Spanish Conquerors • Cortez conquered Aztecs • Seized Montezuma • Pizzaro claimed Peru for Spain • Set up colonies • disease weakened Aztec populations; Spain grew wealthy

  16. Your taking a trip • You are about to embark on a journey at sea. What items would you need to survive the adventure? • Choose the most important people needed to run a ship (a captain? a cook? a doctor? a navigator? a crewman? all of these people?) • What type of ship will you take their journey in? • Where are you sailing from and where do you expect to go? • What food and drink will you take to last the journey • If you must stop along the way to resupply, where do you plan to get their supplies? • Will you take extra clothing or bedding? • How will you maintain hygiene? • Does the group want to include medical supplies? What kind of medical supplies do you think you will need? • What scientific/math knowledge would you need to steer the ship? • What supplies will be needed to keep the ship sailing?

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