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Neutrino Flavor ratio on Earth and at Astrophysical sources

Neutrino Flavor ratio on Earth and at Astrophysical sources. K.-C. Lai, G.-L. Lin, and T. C. Liu, National Chiao Tung university Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS 31st Course Neutrinos in Cosmology, in Astro-, Particle- and Nuclear Physics Erice-Sicily: 16 - 24 September 2009.

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Neutrino Flavor ratio on Earth and at Astrophysical sources

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  1. Neutrino Flavor ratio on Earth and at Astrophysical sources K.-C. Lai, G.-L. Lin, and T. C. Liu, National Chiao Tung university Taiwan INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS31st CourseNeutrinos in Cosmology, in Astro-, Particle- and Nuclear PhysicsErice-Sicily: 16 - 24 September 2009

  2. Neutrino flavor ratio at sources  Source (1, 0, 0) Pion source (1/3,2/3,0) ● (0, 0, 1) ● Muon damped source (0, 1, 0)

  3. Basic measured parameter definition • R : The ratio of track to shower events. • S: The ratio of two flavor shower. • Experimental results are limited by number of detected events, fluctuation R and S • Assumed K. Blum, Y. Nir and E. Waxman, arXiv:0706.2070 [hep-ph].

  4. Basic idea I:What is the real source we observed.From measured data to original source: Choubey et al., PHYSICAL REVIEW D 77, 113006 (2008) True flavor ratio at source Measured flavor ratio at Earth P ’0  Ri,th and Si,th 0  ’0 + 2  1  region Ri,exp and Si,exp 3  region. 2< 2.3 2< 11.8

  5. # 1: Only 10% R Pion source muon damp source R only is unable to determine the original source. Measuring S is necessary. • For E < 0.3PeV, difficult to distinguish e from .  Only R • Even at R/R ~ 10%, could not resolve muon damp source from pion source. M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia and M. Maltoni, Phys. Rep. 460, 1 (2008); M. Maltoni, T. Schwetz, M. A. Tortola, and J. W. F. Valle, New J. Phys. 6, 122 (2004); S. Choubey, Phys. At. Nucl. 69, 1930 (2006); S. Goswami, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 21, 1901 (2006); A. Bandyopadhyay, S. Choubey, S. Goswami, S. T. Petcov, and D. P. Roy, Phys. Lett. B 608, 115 (2005); G. L. Fogli et al., Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 57, 742 (2006).

  6. # 2-1: sin213=0 for  Astrophysical Hidden source Pion source muon damp source sin223=0.45 sin223=0.55 O. Mena, et al., PRD, 2007 Can rule-out pion source from muon-damped source under R/R ~ 10%, S/S  ~ (11~14)% Astrophysical hidden source (1/2, a, (2/3 –a)) can be rule-out too.

  7. # 2-2: sin213= 0 for  Pion source muon damp source sin223=0.45 sin223=0.55 Can't rule-out muon-damped source from pion source under R/R ~ 10%, S/S ~ (11~12)%,

  8. # 3-1: CP phase ,  Gray: =0 Blue: =/2 Red: = Pion source No dependence on CP phase  when (sin213)best-fit = 0 muon damp source sin213= 0.016  0.01 (non zero) sin213= 0 Under R/R ~ 10%, S/S ~ 13%

  9. # 3-2: CP phase  for  Gray: =0 Blue: =/2 Red: = Pion source muon damp source sin213= 0 sin213= 0.0160.01 Under R/R ~ 10%, S/S ~ 13%

  10. # 4-1: Critical uncertainty R /R  = 13% S /S  = 16% • R /R = 5% • S /S = 6% Need several hundreds of neutrino events to confirm the source.

  11. Basic idea II: From Oscillation mechanism to new physics ij,  o Decay ij,  Possible source flavor ratio oscillation ij,  flavor ratio measured on Earth Other mechanism

  12. Possible measured region with different strategy Pion source with normal hierarchy Pion source with inverted hierarchy Muon source with normal hierarchy * Inverted hierarchy is only possible Muon source with inverted hierarchy * Super-Kamiokande Collaboration Phys. Rev. D 74, 032002 (2006) Normal hierarchy: sin2θ13 < 0.14 and 0.37 < sin2θ23 <0.65 Inverted hierarchy: sin2θ13 < 0.27 and 0.37 < sin2θ23 <0.69 # # Allow both hierarchy

  13. All possible measured ratio for neutrino oscillation mechanism All possible source Neutrino oscillation normal hierarchy # inverted hierarchy # New physics Beyond osciallation measured ratio

  14. One example: Decay with normal mixing angle Michele Maltoni et al JHEP07(2008)064  # # #: Only decay in this region is available.

  15. Another example: Decay with inverted hierarchy mixing angle # # # #: Only decay in this region is available.

  16. Conclusion • Part I • Measuring the R ratio only is not sufficient to determine the source type. • The Critical uncertainties required to distinguish between pion and muon damped source: for pion source: R /R = 5% S /S = 6% for muon source: R /R  = 13% S /S  = 16% • Part II • New method to probe new physics.

  17. Reference:

  18. The exact form of oscillation probability matrix K.-C. Lai, G.-L. Lin, and T. C. Liu, arXiv:0905.4003 [hep-ph] ω ≡ sin22θ12, Δ ≡ cos2θ23, D ≡ sinθ13, δ the CP phase.

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