Topic: Reflections on the Re-awakening East Bertrand Russell

2. Topic: Reflections on the Re-awakening East Bertrand Russell AsifSeemabSindhu Asstt Prof English DADC

3. Russell-His Life and Ideology Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell (18 May 1872 – 2 Feb 1970) British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian and social critic An anti-war activist Anti-imperialist For Nuclear disarmament, criticized Soviet totalitarianism, and the United States of America's involvement in the Vietnam War Nobel Prize in Literature-1950

4. Russell in this Chapter • A profound historian • An advocate of Peace and Prosperity to the world in general and to Asia in particular • An anti-communist • An opponent of war • Believer of Heterogeneous Cultures • Reservations with Industrialization and Science • Staunch believer of the importance of Aestheticism, Performing Arts and Fine Arts in human life • An Optimist in an UNCERTAIN and HOSTILE WORLD

5. RUSSELL- A HISTORIAN The history of Alterations of Power between East and West a) Ancient Eastern cultural and political supremacy i)Indus civilization (Moen jo Daro-4500 years back) ii)Persian Empire (Greek Contemporaries)established by Cyrus the Great in 6th century B.C(522-486 ) b) 1st Phase of European dominance i) Greek civilization ii) Alexander and his conquests iii) Roman Empire

6. 2nd Phase of Eastern Supremacy • Fall of the Roman Empire • Great Caliphate of Mohammadan world • Chinese Empire------Tang Dynasty • The Dark Ages • Al-Andalus (Spain)

7. 2nd Phase of European Dominance New Western Imperialism • PIONEERS i. Christopher Columbus ii. Vasco da Gama b. Domination through Advancement of Science & Technology • East was out distanced from the beginning of 16th Century • Western conquests and influences dominated the world till 19th century. • Europe enfeebled again • German & other Occidental wars • Emergence and execution of Communist Philosophy ( 1917 RED Revolution)

8. Russell on Communism Most modern and virulent form of Western Imperialism Degraded form of Western Culture. Moscow and Peking alliance—a threat to Europe. If Asia reawakens : Should not follow communism because it is detrimental to humanity and civilization. .

9. Russell on Industrialization a. A source for preserving independence and being powerful as: • 19th Century England and USSR and USA of today b. Redundant Protests: i) Protests in England ii) Thomas Carlyle’s (1795-1881) Past and Present • A direct response to the economic crisis of the 1840s. iii) Gandhi’s Philosophy and Movement of ‘Spinning Wheel’. The most significant unifying symbol of the Nationalist Movement in India

10. Russell on War Most sinister Camouflaged in scientific advancements b. What Asian countries should do? Not to turn struggle for independence into War or desire for conquest. To remain impartial if the 3rd World War breaks out between Super Powers (USSR & USA). To value their own traditional civilization and not to be swamped by any western thinking

11. Russell on Cultural Uniformity Trifle and absurd to think Asia as a Unity and an ONLY opposition to Western Imperialism No Civilization has ever been so cosmopolitan (universal) Three distinct Asian civilizations: Islam India China.

12. Russell’s Panoramic View of the World’s Horizon Condemns The Lust of Power over other human beings The Militaristic Mechanization No exploitation of other nations through Control over ENERGY Resources INGENUITY A relation of Mutual Respect Uncertainty, Apprehension and Hope are rational but it is only HOPE which is beneficial

13. Thank you