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Canada-wide Standards

Canada-wide Standards. Ian Smith, Champion. Background. Six (6) initial standards selected Benzene (Air) - completed, 39% achieved Dioxins and Furans - winding up Ground-Level Ozone - review upcoming Mercury (All Media) Particulates (Air) - review upcoming

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Canada-wide Standards

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  1. Canada-wide Standards Ian Smith, Champion

  2. Background • Six (6) initial standards selected • Benzene (Air) - completed, 39% achieved • Dioxins and Furans - winding up • Ground-Level Ozone - review upcoming • Mercury (All Media) • Particulates (Air) - review upcoming • Petroleum Hydrocarbons (Soil) - done • Harmonized, national standards • Delivered by “jurisdiction best placed”

  3. Process for Hg CWS • Setting priorities • Top three (3) major sectors • Emissions = incinerators, smelters, coal power • Use = dental amalgam, lamps, sewage sludge • Approach • Life-cycle management to minimize releases (can use it, but don’t release it) • Consensus based gov’t process with multi-stakeholder consultation

  4. Completed emissions CWSs • Incinerators • Medical, hazardous, municipal and sludge • Emissions limits = 20-70 ug/m3 • Dates variable by sector, compliance by size • Base metal smelters (Zn, Cu, Pb) • Existing units: • Emissions rate = 2 gram/tonne - all types • New facilities - must offset new emissions • Zn, Ni, Pb = 0.2 gram/tonne product • Cu = 1 gram/tonne product

  5. Completed CWSs for “uses” • Fluorescent lamps (~750 kg/yr) • 90% reduction in Hg use by 2010 • Industry voluntary commitment • Lamps = 180 kg/yr emissions, 22% during life • Power = remaining 78% emitted by lamp life-cycle • (Waste) dental amalgam (“0” kg/yr) • 95% “capture rate” by 2005 • 1.9 T/yr released from practice • Apply best practices, ISO separators • MOU with Can. Dental Assn.

  6. Status of current events • Under development • CWS for coal-fired power plants (2.45 T/yr) • Stakeholder consultations completed • Review of biosolids (40 kg/yr) • Background work underway • Electric arc furnaces (~800 kg/yr) • Understand scope of issue, potential actions • Implementation planning

  7. Challenges, P2 opportunities • Hazardous waste ~ 750 kg/yr reduction • Dates for compliance = 2003 • Only three (3) significant facilities in Canada • Compliance strategies • Hg emissions dependant upon “feedstock” • “Pollution prevention” likely strategy • Challenges to incinerator operator • P2 solution may mean less business • Why bother using P2 (Hg) if upgrade/sorbent required for D/F, and do D/F early?

  8. Challenges - 2 • Sewage sludge ~ 100 kg/yr reduction • Dates for compliance for Hg = 2005 • 4/7 currently out of compliance • Compliance strategies • Dental amalgam CWS compliance = 2005 • Amalgam bylaws in Toronto & Montreal • Sludging in sewers/lines will delay recovery • Challenge • Can’t influence “use” of mercury, just disposal • D/F CWS can be met with sorbent, also Hg

  9. Challenges - 3 • Medical waste ~150 kg/yr • Dates for compliance (~110 plants) = 2007 • Size specific implementation • Bulk of Hg emissions for those > 120 T/yr • Larger ones comply with 20 ug/m3 • Smaller ones “pursue” 40 ug/m3 • Path forward: • Ontario closing 45 units • Many medical operations reducing Hg use • Health Care Without Harm, Pollution Probe etc.

  10. Challenges - 4 • Municipal waste ~500 kg/yr • Dates for compliance ~ 75 plants = 2006 • Size specific implementation • Mercury CWS > 120 T/yr = 20 ug/m3 • Smaller ones “pursue” 20 ug/m3 • Federal gov’t implications • Quarantine, agricultural, defense etc. • P2 opportunities???? • Fluorescent lamps, thermometers, cultural uses, yard wastes, etc, etc, etc

  11. Challenges - 5 • (Waste) mercury amalgam ~ “0” kg/yr • Voluntary compliance by 2005 • Educational initiatives under national MOU • Bylaws a growing force for change • Dental volunteerism aimed at avoiding bylaws! • Amalgam separator technology/availability • CWS assumes 100% of dentists = ISO • Early achievers, volunteerism, bylaws likely to produce >80% compliance • Opportunities for P2 limited, ~ zero • Dental health mandates use of hg

  12. Challenges - 6 • Fluorescent lamps ~ 100 kg/yr • Reduced Hg content ~ increased efficiency • 78% of Hg emitted by coal-fired power plants • Adoption of low Hg lamps key • Energy efficiency, CO2 linkages important • Recycling • Feel-good - small part of incinerator loadings • Emissions from land-fills minimal • Optimal strategy = bulb-eaters/landfilling residue where infrastructure exists

  13. Future - 2002 and beyond • Sludge land-application under review • ~350 kg/yr to soils, ~40 kg/yr emitted • review risk of release - could be “non-issue” • Electric arc furnaces (~800 kg) • Cars one focus: • Clean Air Foundation - 50 recyclers signed up • White goods another focus: • Successful pilot in Niagara region • CCME convening workshop on options • Switch “bounty” being discussed

  14. Commentary • CWS = national delivery of priorities • Shared jurisdiction over environment • Local jurisdictions can be more stringent • Competitiveness/level playing field • National drivers in reducing emissions • Easy part is mostly over • Facilities have to install equipment, make changes, demonstrate compliance! • 13% emissions reduction (+BMS) assured • Potential to achieve 23% (+BMS) reduction

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