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Chapter 1 The Science of Chemistry

Chapter 1 The Science of Chemistry. Chemistry is:. Chemistry is the study of matter and all the changes it undergoes or fails to do. Name 3 chemicals. Should we ban chemicals?. A. States/Phases of Matter. Solids (s) Held tightly Vibrate slightly Fixed volume & shape Draw.

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Chapter 1 The Science of Chemistry

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  1. Chapter 1 The Science of Chemistry Chemistry is:

  2. Chemistry is the study of matter and all the changes it undergoes or fails to do.

  3. Name 3 chemicals Should we ban chemicals?

  4. A. States/Phases of Matter • Solids (s) • Held tightly • Vibrate slightly • Fixed volume & shape • Draw

  5. Liquids (l) Attraction moderate Can flow/move Definite volume & No shape Draw

  6. Gases (g) Attraction: little/none Movement independently No definite volume or shape Draw

  7. B. Changes of matter • Physical: no new substance made Ex. Phase change slg ice melting Ex. Dissolve sugar/salt in water

  8. 2. Chemical New substance made Ex. Burning, rusting Ex water  hydrogen + oxygen Reactant(s)- Left side of equation what exist before rxn Product(s)-Right side of equation what exist after rxn

  9. C. Evidence of Chemical Change • Make gas ex. Bubbling, change in odor 2.Make precipitate (ppt)- when 2 chemicals don’t mix & one settles at bottom 3. Release/absorb energy (heat) 4. Might be a color change ex. rust

  10. Conversion factors 1L =1,000mL 1kg=1,000g 1g=1,000mg 1km=1,000m 1m=1,000mm 1m=100cm 1m=10dm

  11. 1a. .765g x 1kg = .000765kg 1,000g 1b. 1.34g x 1,000mg = 1,340 mg 1g 1c. 34.2mg x 1g = .034g 1,000mg 1d. 23,745kg x 1,000g =23,745,000g x 1,000mg = 1kg 1g

  12. 23,745,000,000mg 2a 17.3m x 100cm = 1,730cm 1m 2b. 2.56m x 1km =.00256km 1,000m 2c 567dm x 1m= 56.7m 10dm 2d 5.13m x 1,000mm = 5,130mm 1m

  13. Classify Matter • Define matter: anything that has mass & volume • atom: the smallest unit of an element Pure Substance: a sample of matter, an element or a compound that has definite chemical & physical properties, always the same, pure.

  14. element: only one type of atom. Define:simplest form of matter that cannot be broken down Some elements may be monoatomic consist of one atom such as He, Al, or Ca. Some elements may be molecules:2 or more atoms combined in a definite ratio Ex. H, O,N,F, Cl,Br,I are diatomics!!! Mark your periodic tables!!!! HON all Group 17 Some elements have more than one form, Allotropes(define)same element, same phase of matter but different physical & chemical properties Example(book) O2(g O3(g) (also Carbon-coal, diamond, graphite, all solids but different forms)

  15. Compound (cmpd); 2 or more elements chemically combined Molecular formula: condensed formula C6H12O6 Subscript; # placed lower right of element/cmpd; tells us how many atoms Structural formula: (draw out) shows arrangement

  16. Mixture: 2 or more substances (elements/cmpds) physically combined Ex. Alloy= solid mixture: 10, 12, 14, 18K gold Stainless steel: homogeneous Brass= Cu + Zn Homogeneous; same throughout; uniform. Solns, air Heterogeneous: not uniform; different amounts or parts ex. Italian salad dressing, sand in water

  17. Classify: • Salt dissolved in water, alcohol dissolved in water, air are? • Salt and sand, iron and sulfur, soil are?

  18. Classify: • Salt dissolved in water, alcohol dissolved in water, air are Homogeneous • Salt and sand, iron and sulfur, soil are hetergeneous

  19. Separating mixtures • Filter • Distill: purify at different boiling points • Magnet • Evaporate • Chromatography: separates by differences in attraction

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