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DATA CONCERNING THE SUN

DATA CONCERNING THE SUN . The Sun. Corona : Outermost layer of the sun Sends out x-ray energy and little light Can only be seen during solar eclipse Temperature is extremely hot 2 million *C Stretches out more than 1 million kilometers into space .

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DATA CONCERNING THE SUN

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  1. DATA CONCERNING THE SUN

  2. The Sun

  3. Corona : • Outermost layer of the sun • Sends out x-ray energy and little light • Can only be seen during solar eclipse • Temperature is extremely hot 2 million *C • Stretches out more than 1 million kilometers into space The structure of the sun and its phenomena • Photosphere • Visible surfaca of the sun • Temperature = 6000 *C • Heat, light are fron this layer • Sometimes, large magnetic disturbances may break throungh the photosphere and causes sunspots • Chromosphere • Appears pinkish and can be seen by naked eyes only during solar eclipse • Temperature = 10 000*C – 50000*C • Active with various phenomena due to the various magnetic field • Core • Made of hydrogen gas which turns into helium gas to produce light and heat by nuclear reactions • Temperature = 15 million*C

  4. The sun’s phenomena Radiate x-rays, ultraviolet rays, charged electric particles in the outer space Effect s of the sun’s phenomena on the Earth Influenced the climate and Weather of the Earth - Particularly extreme droughte Interference in communication system : Satellite, telefon , computer Telegraph, radio, television Burning particles In the atmosphere can disrupt radio waves • Causes an aurora • Sky near the poles appears • colourful at night

  5. Generation Of Energe By The Sun The sun’s energy generated from deep within the core of the sun Temperature and pressure : extremely high Nuclear fusion takes place Hydrogen helium huge amount or energy Intra – red radiation SUN The energe generated is brought to the sun’s surface By convection and radiation Released as light ang heat

  6. THE SUN’S ENERGY Warms and lights up The Earth Green plants – make food By photosynthesis Controls the earth’s Climate ( e.G cloud, Sterm, wind, rain, Droughts) • Animals ( herbivor ) • Obtain the sun’s • Energy indirectly by • eating the plants Human use the solar energe to generate elecricity • Dries clothes • Kill microorganisms • Provides warmth

  7. Galaksi

  8. Galaxies • Galaxies are giant structures that contain hundreds of billions of stars, Oh, by the way…There are billions of galaxies in the universe • Galaxies contain single stars, double stars, star systems and lots of gas and dust between the stars. • Astronomers classify most galaxies into three main categories: • spiral galaxies, • elliptical galaxies, • irregular galaxies

  9. Spiral Galaxies • Spiral galaxies have arms that spiral outward, like pinwheels http://www.spacetoday.org/images/Hubble/ HubbleBeauty/NGC1512BarredSpiralGalaxy.jpg http://zoo1.galaxyzoo.org/images/ tutorial/example_face_on_spiral.jpg

  10. The Milky Way • Our solar system exists in the Milky Way galaxy, and is about 25,000 light-years away from the center of the Milky Way • Our solar system is about two-thirds of the way out on one of the spiral arms of the Milky Way • We can’t see the center of the Milky Way due to the massive cloud of gas and dust between the sun and the center

  11. The Milky Way http://abyss.uoregon.edu/%7Ejs/images/milky_way_large.jpg

  12. The Milky Way http://www.crystalinks.com/galaxymilkyway.jpg

  13. Elliptical Galaxies • Elliptical galaxies look like flattened balls • Have little gas and dust between the stars so new stars can not form • Ellliptical galaxies only contain old stars http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/ jpegMod/PIA08696_modest.jpg

  14. Elliptical Galaxy http://zuserver2.star.ucl.ac.uk/%7Eidh/apod/image/0406/m87_cfht.jpg

  15. Irregular Galaxies • Some galaxies don’t have a regular shape, they are called irregular galaxies • The Large Magellanic Cloud is an irregular galaxy http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/ 159426main_image_feature_666_ys_4.jpg

  16. Irregular Galaxy http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/Images/StarChild/universe_level2/ngc6822.gif

  17. Irregular Galaxy http://www.astro.utu.fi/news/img/RGB_bird_idl600.jpeg

  18. BintangdanBuruj

  19. Most star exist in pairs star Characteristics Is a self-luminous body Except The sun Appear very small in the sky - Due to their distance from Earth Made up of dust and gases We can see the stars - They give out light Lone star Other objects ( meteors, comets, etc.) and planets are dark and small - Can only be seen when sunlight falls on them

  20. Star Density • Very a lot because of their saizes • A big star has a low density Brightness • Depends on its surface • Temperature, sizes and distance from the earth • Brightest star: • Magnitude – 26.5 (the sun) • Dullest star: magnitude +26.0 • The bright star can be seen by the naked eye ( e.g. sirius, rigel) Classification Size • The smallest star : neutron • star - 10 km in size • The biggest star :supergiant • > 300 x sun’s size Chemical composition • Can be determined by • analyzing its light • using a spectroscope • Main composition : hydrogen • and helium • Other elements : iron and carbon

  21. Relative sizes of stars GIANT STAR SUPERGIANT STAR Neutron star WHITE DWARF THE SUN Smallest star Biggest star

  22. TEMPERATURE AND COLOUR Example of stars BLUE Whitish blue White Yellowish white LotaOrionis Rigel sirius Capella > 30 000 *C 15 000 *C 11 000 *C 6 000 *C yellow orange red Arcturus Antares Sun 3 000 *C 5 000 *C 4 000 *C

  23. Enormous clouds of dust and gas in nebula collapse under the force of gravity The material condensed and compressed by the gravitational force its temperature begins it rise at its centre As the temperature rises, nuclear fusion occurs in the core heat and light energy travels out from the centre. It glows and turns into a star The destruction or star begins when it has used up its core hydrogen fuel f The core will shrink and heat up whereas the outer layers will expands and cool down Black hole Very large star Red supergiant Red giant supernova Neutron Nebula : clouds of gases or dust Medium sized star Planetary nebula Red giant White dwarf

  24. Examples : • Some are visible at all • times . • Some are seen at • different times of the • year. • -Depending on the • Earth’s orbit A group of stars that Forms a certain Pattern in the sky • To guide a navigators, • ravellers or to find • direction or locaion DEFINITION CONSTELLATION iMPORTANCE Named after Identify the period of time or season of the year Identify and Locate the stars Individuals in Greek or Roman mythology e.g. Andromeda, Perseus Animals e.g. swan, bull Horoscope Astronomers have recognised 88 constellation Twelve of the Constellation Form the zodiac

  25. Twelve of the constellation from the zodiac Aquarius Libra Scorpion cancer Virgo Aries Sagittarius pisces Gemini Capricorn Leo Taurus

  26. The galaxy where our solar system • is formed • Consists of about 10 billion stars • The nearest galaxy : The Magellan Cloud • The nearest galaxy : Proxima Centauri • It is a spiral galaxy The Sun and its planets form the Solar System Milky way 25,000 light years Side view 1000,000 light years The sun and other Stars forms a galaxy; Milky way

  27. Irregular galaxy • Have not formed specific shape • Consists mainly of young stars • Example : Magellan Cloud • Spiral galaxy • Disc-shape, have spiral arms • Consists of old and young stars • Older stars : centre • Younger stars : at the edges • Examples : Milky way, Andromeda Types of galaxy • Elliptical galaxy • - Flattened, ball shape • - Consists mainly of old stars • - cannot form new stars • Does not contain any more dusts and gas • Example Galaxy M87 in Virgo Irregular galaxy Elliptical galaxy Spiral galaxy

  28. PerbandinganBintangberdasarkansuhudanSaiz

  29. KelahiranBintang

  30. KematianBintang

  31. KematianBintang

  32. Bintang, GalaksidanAlamSemesta

  33. Test

  34. Penutup 1. Baca Surah Al-`Ashr 2. Tasbih Kifarah.

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