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Carolyn J. Merry NCRST-Flows The Ohio State University

Satellite Image Availability – USA. Carolyn J. Merry NCRST-Flows The Ohio State University. Available sensors. Current satellite sensors Wavelength region – spectral resolution Area of coverage Spatial resolution Costs of imagery Projected uses in transportation flow

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Carolyn J. Merry NCRST-Flows The Ohio State University

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  1. Satellite Image Availability – USA Carolyn J. Merry NCRST-Flows The Ohio State University

  2. Available sensors • Current satellite sensors • Wavelength region – spectral resolution • Area of coverage • Spatial resolution • Costs of imagery • Projected uses in transportation flow applications

  3. Satellite systems • Landsat-7 – Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) • SPOT-4, -5 – High Resolution Visible (HRV) • Ikonos-2 • Quickbird-2

  4. Landsat-7 satellite • 705-km altitude • 16-day repeat cycle • 185-km swath width • Descending node at 10:00 - +15 min. • Whisk-broom scanner • Radiometric resolution: 28 (256 levels)

  5. Landsat data availability • Landsat MSS sensor – 920 km altitude • Landsat-1 (23 Jul 72 - 6 Jan 78) • Landsat-2 (22 Jan 75 - 25 Feb 82) • Landsat-3 (5 Mar 78 - 31 Mar 83) • Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+ – 705 km altitude • Landsat-4 (16 July 82 - present) • Landsat-5 (1 Mar 84 - present) • Landsat-6 (5 Oct 93 – lost shortly after launch) • Landsat-7 (15 Apr 99 - present)

  6. Landsat-7 imagery • 15-m pan (0.52-0.90 µm) • 6-band multispectral (XS) – 30-m • 0.45-0.52 µm (blue), 0.53-0.60 µm (green), 0.63-0.69 (red) • 0.76-0.90 (near IR), 1.55-1.75 µm (mid IR), 2.07-2.35 µm (mid IR) • 10.4-12.5 µm (thermal IR – 60 m) • Image data ~$600/scene (185 by 185 km) • Web site: http:/edcsns17.cr.usgs.gov/EarthExplorer/

  7. Landsat-7 spectral bands ETM+ Band 1 0.45-0.52 mm ETM+ Band 2 0.53-0.60 mm ETM+ Band 3 0.63-0.69 mm ETM+ Band 4 0.76-0.90 mm ETM+ Band 5 1.55-1.75 mm ETM+ Band 6 10.4-12.5 mm ETM+ Band 7 2.07-2.35 mm ETM+ PAN Band 0.52-0.90 mm

  8. Landsat-7 spatial resolution False Color Composite (4,3,2) True Color Composite (3,2,1) 15M PAN Band

  9. Historical archive Landsat 5, 1984 Landsat 5, 1989 Landsat 5, 1994 Landsat 7, 1999 DISP, 1962

  10. Information content • Highway centerline – principally interstates & wider roads • General utility line mapping & routing • Land use mapping for corridor studies – USGS level I, II • Monitoring urban heat island effect

  11. SPOT-1, -2, -3 satellites • 822-km altitude • 98° inclination – sun- synchronous orbit • 101-minute orbit, 26-day repeat cycle, allows 1-2 day revisit • 2 HRVs; CCDs – 6000 detectors; 60-km swath

  12. French SPOT satellites • SPOT-1 (22 Feb 86 – 31 Dec 90) • SPOT-2 (22 Jan 90 – present) • SPOT-3 (26 Sep 93 – 14 Nov 97) • SPOT-4 (24 Mar 98 – present) • SPOT-5 (3 May 02 – present) • Web site: http://www.spot.com

  13. SPOT-1, -2, -3 satellites • 10-m pan (0.51- 0.70 µm) • 3-band multispectral (XS) – 20-m • 0.50-0.59 µm (green), 0.61-0.68 (red), 0.79-0.89 (near IR) • Off-nadir viewing capability (+27°) • Allows us to acquire stereo pairs • Image data ~$2000/scene for level 1B data (60 km by 60 km, up to 80 km by 60 km for off-nadir scenes)

  14. SPOT-4 satellite • 2 HRVIR Instruments – 10, 20 m resolution • Pan – 0.61-0.68 µm • XS – green (0.50-0.59 m); red (0.61-0.68 µm); near IR (0.79-0.89 µm); mid IR (1.58-1.75 µm)

  15. SPOT-5 satellite • 3 May 2002 launch; 830-km orbit • HRG (High Resolution Geometry) – 12,000 CCD array • 2.5 m & 5 m pan (instead of 10 m) • 10 m 3-band XS (instead of 20 m); 20 m for mid IR • In-line stereo – fore, aft, nadir • 10 m planimetric accuracy; 5 m elevation accuracy – ~1:50,000 map scale

  16. SPOT-2 spectral bands SPOT, Color Composite (3,2,1) SPOT Band 1, 0.50-0.59 mm SPOT Band 2, 0.61-0.68 mm SPOT Band 3, 0.79-0.89 mm

  17. SPOT-2 spatial bands SPOT Selection, 10-m pan mosaic of Ohio SPOT 10-m pan

  18. Information content • Highway centerline – interstates, roads with better road definition • General utility line mapping & routing • Land use mapping for corridor studies – USGS level I, II

  19. Hyperspectral data – EO-1 satellite • Hyperion sensor • 242 spectral bands (0.4-2.5 µm) – 30 m resolution • 7.5 by 100 km area • Research imagery – NASA investigators

  20. Example Hyperion data True Color Composite, (29, 23, 16) Image cube

  21. Information content • Highway centerline – principally interstates, & wider roads • General utility line mapping & routing • Land use mapping for corridor studies – USGS level I, II • Material type of roads – asphalt, concrete

  22. Commercial companies • Space Imaging, Inc. – Thornton, CO • www.spaceimaging.com • EarthWatch, Inc. – Longmont, CO • www.digitalglobe.com

  23. Space Imaging – Ikonos-2 • Launched 24 Sept 99 • Sun-synchronous, polar-orbiting • 680 km altitude, 98.1° inclination • ±26° off-nadir collection, 1-day revisit • 10:30 local time • 11 x 11 km scene size • 11-bit data

  24. Space Imaging – Ikonos-2 • 1-m pan – 0.45-0.90 µm • 1:24,000 scale (12.2 m w/o ground control) • 1:2,400 scale (2 m with ground control) • 4-m multispectral sensor • 0.45-0.52 µm (blue) 0.52-0.60 µm (green) • 0.63-0.69 µm (red) 0.76-0.90 µm (near IR) • $97-$211/sq mi for 1-m pan or 4-m XS, depending on orthorectification process • Ikonos model data products – DEMs • 15-m & 30-m postings (7 m vertical accuracy)

  25. Ikonos spectral bands Ikonos Band 1 0.45-0.52 mm Ikonos Band 2 0.52-0.60 mm Ikonos Band 3 0.63-0.69 mm Ikonos Band 4 0.76-0.90 mm

  26. Ikonos sensor resolution False Color Composite (4,2,1) True Color Composite (4,2,1) 1M Pan Image

  27. Landsat-7 ETM+ 30m & Ikonos 4m XS Multi-resolution data merging Ikonos 1m Pan & 4m XS

  28. High resolution image of highways Ikonos 1-m panchromatic image of highway segment Enlargement

  29. Image histogram Entire image histogram Original image Pavement pixels only

  30. Ikonos 1-m pan –Tucson, AZ Road extracted Background image

  31. Principal components analysis PCA 3 PCA 4

  32. EarthWatch, Inc. – QuickBird-2 • 18 October 2001 launch • 450 km altitude; off-nadir viewing (+25°) • 0.61-m pan (0.45-0.90 µm) • 2.44-m multispectral • 0.45-0.52 µm (blue) 0.52-0.60 µm (green) • 0.63-0.69 µm (red) 0.76-0.90 µm (near IR) • 16.5-km image swath • 11-bit data

  33. QuicKBird-2 sample image Denver, CO – 17 July 2002 60 cm natural color pan-sharpened Paris, France – Champs-Elysées 27 Mar 02 – 61-cm pan Source: www.digitalglobe.com

  34. QuicKBird-2 sample image Dresden, Germany – 2.4 m natural color XS 22 Aug 02 recent flooding Yokohama, Japan – 9 Mar 02 61-cm natural color pan-sharpened Source: www.digitalglobe.com

  35. Information content • Transportation infrastructure - detailed road centerline with road width • Detect vehicles on roads for traffic count studies • Disaster emergency response – pre- & post-imagery, damaged housing stock, damaged transportation, damaged utilities & services • Building & property infrastructure – building perimeter, area, height & cadastral information (property lines) • Land use/land cover for corridor studies – USGS level I, II, III, IV

  36. Conclusions • Satellite data are available • Spatial resolution is detailed enough to map highway networks & detect vehicles • Methods are being developed to incorporate imagery results into transportation flow methodologies

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