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French Revolution and Enlightenment Influence in France

Explore the causes and events of the French Revolution, and the influence of Enlightenment ideas on the uprising. Learn about the social classes, grievances, and the formation of the National Assembly.

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French Revolution and Enlightenment Influence in France

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  1. Warm Up • Study for Eastern empires quiz

  2. Once you finish your scavenger Hunt, put your artifacts in the correct order and staple them into a book.

  3. Warm Up • Pick up warm up, it goes on page 56 • Homework, word search, goes on page 57

  4. Warm up- Page 64- write answers in complete sentences • 1. Skim page 193 and come up with 2 problems France was facing • 2. Who made up the 1st, 2nd and 3rd estates? (page 193-194) • 3. Why is the third estate frustrated with the current conditions in France? (pg 193-194) • 4. Which estate is most likely to support Enlightenment ideas? • 5. Which estate is most likely to support the monarchy? • 6. Describe economic conditions in France under the reign of Louis XVI. ( page 194) • 7. Why was Louis XVI considered a weak leader? • Put HW on top of your warm up

  5. Warm up • Pick up on my desk • When finished put on page 67

  6. The French Revolution

  7. Background • After Louis XIV France began a downward spiral. Louis XVI who was a very weak and selfish ruler took the throne in 1774. • In France the rich were getting richer and the poor were getting poorer • Prices for essential items such as bread were rising , taxes were high and people especially the lower classes wanted a change • Ideas from Enlightenment thinkers, such as Voltaire and Rousseau encouraged people to start questioning the government.

  8. Influence of the Enlightenment • In the late 1700s France was at the center of the Enlightenment movement • DO NOT WRITE • Locke argued that people not God should chose the ruler • Montesquieu argued that the government should be separated into different branches

  9. DO NOT WRITE • Rousseau argued that governments should be a contract or partnership between the people and the ruler • Voltaire argued for religious freedoms and speech • All of these thinkers wanted to limit the powers of the absolute monarchs, thus giving power back to the people

  10. Influence of American Revolution • Americans listened to the ideas of the enlightenment thinkers and with France's help overthrew Britain and formed their own government in which the people had a voice • Since France helped America, many French people came back to France telling stories of America's victory • Many unhappy, usually lower-class, French people began to think maybe they too could overthrow their oppressive government and Louis XIV, just like the Americas overthrew the British

  11. Review • Come up with 3 events/ideas that contributed to the French Revolution.

  12. The Old Regime • France’s society was broken into 3 social classes or estates • 1st and 2nd Estateswere privileged. They held government jobs and did not have to pay taxes. They accounted for a small percentage of the population and did not agree with enlightenment ideas

  13. 3rd Estate- About 98 percent of the population. Within this group about 8o percent of the people were peasants. Peasants paid taxes on almost all items and received very little help from the government. • These people were the ones who began to resent the upper class’ privileges and the way the government was handling itself and they began to call for reforms.

  14. The 3rd Estate was also growing tired of Louis XVI. He was a weak ruler who cared more about shopping and hunting than the economic troubles in France. • He was also married to Marie Antoinette from Austria, a long time enemy of France

  15. Review • Who made up the following estates • 1st • 2nd • 3rd • Why was the 3rd estate angry about the current conditions in France?

  16. The Forces of ChangeDO NOT WRITE • New views on government practices started to filter into the 3rd estate and people began to question the long standing and accepted way the government and social structures were in France • The 3rd Estate began to hear stories of America's victory and thought maybe they too could be victorious

  17. Revolution Dawns • Louis had spent France into bankruptcy and threaten to tax some members of the 2nd Estate in order to make money. • The 2nd estate demanded Louis call a Estate Generals meeting so that all 3 estates could get together and discuss tax reforms. • Although the 3 estates was present they had little voice or impact because they could just be out voted by the 1st and 2nd estates

  18. The 3rd estate was tired of being pushed around and demanded all 3 estates meet and that each delegate or person have their own vote. • Since the 3rd estate had more people they should now be able to outvote the other 2 estates and begin to reform the government. The King refused to grant each person their own vote. • Upset about the King’s decision, the 3rd Estate decided to call themselves the National Assemblyand pass laws to reform the government in the name of the French people

  19. On June 17, 1789 the National Assembly voted to end the absolute monarchy and began a representative government in France. This was the first deliberate act of the revolution • 3 days later the National Assembly was locked out of their meeting room and broke into a tennis court, pledging to stay their until they had a new constitution. This was known as the Tennis Court Oath

  20. Review • Come up with 5 words to describe the following • Estates General Meeting • National Assembly • Tennis Court Oath

  21. Louis tried to make peace with the 3rd assembly and gave into their demands, however, he knew things were getting heated and called in Swiss reinforcements to keep the 3rd Assembly from getting out of control • People weren’t too happy about Louis calling in outside troops and took to the streets in protest, They eventually overtook a prison outside of Paris called, Bastille. • The overthrowing of Bastille on July 14th to the French is like our July 4th. It is a symbolic act of revolution.

  22. A Great Fear Sweeps France • Before long violence and fear erupted. Peasants feared the king and his noble supporters were out to kill members of the 3rd Estate • A senseless of panic called the Great Fear spread throughout France. * Women rioting over the cost of bread * Peasants seized axes and knifes and overtook Versailles forcing Louis and his family to leave his palace forever.

  23. Review • Why did the people storm Bastille ? • What happened during the Great Fear?

  24. The Summer of 1789 to 1792 marked a series of reform • The 1st, 2nd and 3rd Estates came together to talk • The Declaration of the Rights of Man was passed. It included many of the Enlightenment ideas and ideas from the American Declaration of Independence. Natural rights, freedom of speech, freedom of religion…… • Louis tried to escape and was captured and brought to Paris

  25. created a Constitutional Monarchy, similar to England's • Now a legislative assembly would make the laws and the king could no longer declare war on a nation • 3 divisions occurred, the radicals, moderates and conservative. Similar to republicans,democrats and liberals in the US

  26. Review • List 3 reforms made by the French Government

  27. French radicals tried to spread revolutionary ideas to other countries and got France involved in a series of wars with Austria and Prussia • Other European monarchs wanted Louis to regain power , however, the French were unwilling to let that happen and declared war on Austria and Prussia • The streets of France were in turmoil. Thousand were killed and in the process the National Assembly was renamed the National Convention

  28. On September 21, 1792 the National Convention met and abolished the monarch and declared France a Republic • Adult males were given the right to vote • Louis XIV was now considered prisoner and found guilty of treason • On January 21 1793 Louis was killed by the guillotine.

  29. Terror grips France • Many people in France not only considered Austria and Prussia their enemies but many did not know which French citizens they could trust • In the midst of the chaos Maximilien Robespierre assumed power. Robespierre killed over 40,000 people. Basically anyone who questioned or threatened his power. • About 80% of the people killed were poor, the people for whose benefit the Revolution had supposedly been carried out for. This was called the Reign of Terror

  30. The End of Terror • In July 1774 the National Convention met and knew they needed to get rid of Robespierre, cheering “ Down with the Tyrant”. On July 28, 1794 Robespierre lost his head. • The National Convention met and drafted a new government , the third since 1789. The new plan gave power to the middle class and created a two branch legislature and a executive branch know as the directory • The directory name Napoleon their new general.

  31. Review • Who led the Reign of Terror? • Who was killed during the Reign of Terror? • How did the Reign of Terror end? • Who came to power after Robespierre?

  32. Why did the 3rd Estates Want change? • Estate General • National Assembly • June 17,1789 • Tennis Court Oath • Storming of Bastille • Great Fear • Storming of Versailles • Declaration of Man • Limited Monarchy

  33. Videos http://www.history.com/topics/napoleon/videos#the-french-revolution http://www.history.com/topics/napoleon/videos#napoleon http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqeHTANebN8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTTvKwCylFY&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=29

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