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Explore the principles of gases, including Avogadro's Law, Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and Dalton's Partial Pressure Law. Learn about the properties of gas, such as diffusion, effusion, and expansion. Discover the concept of gas pressure and the characteristics of an ideal gas. Understand the relationship between temperature and pressure, and discover the significance of standard temperature and pressure. Gain knowledge on the universal gas constant and the concept of vacuum.
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Gases Vocabulary
atmospheric pressure • ____ is the collision of air molecules with objects.
Avogadro's Law • Equal volumes of ideal or perfect gases, at the same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of particles, or molecules is known as ___.
barometer • A ___ is used to measure atmospheric pressure.
Boyle's Law • According to ____, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related at constant mass and temperature.
Charles' Law • ____ states that volume and temperature (in Kelvin) of a gas are directly related at constant mass and pressure.
combined gas law • The _____ combines the 3 gas laws into one - use this formula when none of the variables remains constant.
compress • To ___ something, we apply pressure to cause it to shrink in volume.
Dalton's Partial Pressure Law • ____ states the total pressure of a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.
diffusion • ___ is the tendency of molecules to move toward areas of lower concentration. Exp. Air Freshener.
effusion • ____ is the passing of gas molecules through a tiny opening in a container. Exp. Balloon with a tiny hole.
expand • When something becomes larger in volume, it is said to ___.
gas • One of the three commonly recognized states of matter, a ___ is a substance that has neither definite shape nor definite volume. Like liquids, they are fluids and assume the shape of their containers. Unlike liquids, they will expand to fill any container, regardless of its size. They also condense into liquids or solids when sufficiently cooled or compressed.
gas pressure • ____is the collision of gas molecules with the walls of the container.
Gay-Lussac's Law • ____ demonstrates that pressure and absolute temperature (K) of a gas are directly related at constant mass and volume.
ideal gas • An ____ is assumed to consist of a large number of molecules in random motion, which obey Newton's laws of motion. They also obey the other gas laws regarding PT and V.
ideal gas law • The ____ considers the amount of gas in the system, represented by n.
kelvin temperature • The ___ scale defines 0 K as the absence of all thermal energy (movement of particles), or absolute zero. We get K by adding 273 to our temperature in Celsius.
kinetic energy • ___ is the form of energy that an object has by reason of its motion. We call it the energy of movement.
potential energy • Energy stored by an object by virtue of its position is called ____. Similarly, a stretched spring has stored energy that is released when the spring is returned to its unstretched state. Other forms include electrical energy, chemical energy, and nuclear energy.
standard pressure • ____ is 1 atm, 760 mm Hg and 101.3 kPa.
standard temperature • ___ 0 degrees C or 273 Kelvin.
temperature • ____ describes the amount of motion of particles.
universal gas constant • The ___ is represented by R in our ideal gas law equation; it is derived from all of the measurements obtained at STP.
vacuum • A ___ is empty space with no particles and no pressure. Exp. Space.
