CHAPTER 5 AP UNITED STATES HISTORY

1. CHAPTER 5 AP UNITED STATES HISTORY

2. COLONIAL POPULATION New England the least ethnically diverse In 1700’s, colonists “breeding like rabbits” Population doubled every 25 years Average age was 16--population was youthful By 1775, 90 percent of the people lived in rural (country) areas Most were farmers 10 percent lived in urban (city) areas Major Ethnic Groups Pennsylvania Dutch--people actually from Germany; mislabeled Scots-Irish--weren’t Irish at all, just Scottish African Americans--made up about 20% of population

3. Early America In colonial America, it was known as the land of opportunity and equality (excluding slaves) Most Americans were farmers and lived on farms America allowed anyone to rise in social class including 2 indentured servants who signed Declaration of Independence In the South, power was in the hands of large land owners

4. COLONIAL CAREERS In colonial society, most prestigious occupation was a minister Doctors were highly unpopular Bleeding was a favorite and frequently fatal remedy When a doctor wasn’t available, a barber was summoned Disease was common including diphtheria, smallpox Ministers Physicians Lawyers Lawyers not liked much either Viewed as noisy windbags or troublemakers

5. COLONIAL CAREERS Agriculture Agriculture main industry 90 percent of colonials are farmers Americans had the highest standard of living in the world!! The Middle Colonies Middle Colonies called the “Breadbasket of the World” Middle Colonies are New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Delaware (NYPD)

6. COLONIAL CAREERS Fishing a major career in New England Led to shipbuilding industry too Fishing Triangular Trade Most famous type of trade in New England was “Triangular Trade” Usually involved New England, Africa, and West Indies

7. Colonial transporation Transportation was very slow in colonial America Waterways Communication was very slow Waterways one of the main routes of transportation Towns sprang up along waterways Taverns also sprang up along routes of travel Roads Taverns Roads were rough and dangerous to travel

8. Religion in the Colonies There were two tax supported churches in the colonies Anglican Congregational Also known as the Church of England Strongest church in the Southern colonies Not as hardcore as Puritan churches Main church of New England Puritans Found in all New England colonies Much more hardcore

9. Name for a religious revival in the 1730’s and 1740’s Main Leaders Most famous sermon was Sinners in the Hands of An Angry God First Great Awakening added new ingredient of “emotionalism” to religion George Whitefield Jonathan Edwards Old Lights Those that did not like the new emotionalism New Lights Those that felt emotionalism is what was needed First Great Awakening

10. RESULTS OF 1ST GREAT AWAKENING Old Lights/New Lights--religions split Two religions boomed--Baptist and Methodists New denominations and religions were started Missionary worked boomed New Colleges were started Pulled people together

11. COLONIAL COLLEGE EDUCATION Most colonial colleges were started for religious reasons Pennsylvania was the only college not started for religious reasons Pennsylvania founded by Ben Franklin New England more interested in education New England The South lagged behind others in education In the South, tutors used for wealthiest people The South Famous Colonial Colleges Harvard William and Mary Yale Princeton Pennsylvania Columbia Brown Rutgers Dartmouth

12. Charles W. Peale John Trumbull Benjamin West John S. Copley COLONIAL ART

13. COLONIAL LITERATURE Known as “First Civilized American” Wrote Poor Richards Almanac Did experiments with electricity Invented bifocal glasses Invented Franklin Stove--wood stove Invented the lightening rod Invented the first circulating library Invented the rocking chair Ex slave girl who became a decent poet Wasn’t truly educated at all Ben Franklin Phillis Wheatley

14. John Peter Zenger Trial Famous trial dealing with freedom of the press Trial took place in 1735 John Peter Zenger was a newspaper editor charged with liable Had written negatively about the Royal Governor; found not guilty Laid the foundation for the freedom of the press