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Distribution Efficiency Initiative: Calculator Review

Distribution Efficiency Initiative: Calculator Review. April 29, 2008 Regional Technical Forum. Overview. Calculator Input & Output Review DEI Measure Life Develop 3 New Load Shapes I 2 R Losses Transformer No-Load Losses Delivered Energy Reduction Savings.

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Distribution Efficiency Initiative: Calculator Review

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  1. Distribution Efficiency Initiative:Calculator Review April 29, 2008 Regional Technical Forum

  2. Overview • Calculator Input & Output Review • DEI Measure Life • Develop 3 New Load Shapes • I2R Losses • Transformer No-Load Losses • Delivered Energy Reduction Savings

  3. Where the Savings are Expected to Come From Source: NEEA DEI Project Final Report by RW Beck page B-23

  4. Calculator Overview Calculator Inputs Calculator Outputs Savings I2R Losses Balanced losses Unbalanced losses Transformer No-load Losses Delivered Energy Reduction Economics Utility B/C and Payback • Pre & Post Conditions • Load Types (heating system types, etc.) • Line Info (length, type, etc.) • Regulator Info • Load Info (kW, PF, Annual Energy etc.) • Equipment (Capacitors, Transformers) • Costs • Materials • Labor

  5. Calculator Primary Issues • Calculator Does Not Output • Substation Power Transformer Losses • Approx. 33% of the savings • Secondary Line Losses • Approx. 3% of the savings • I2R Loss Calculation may need revision • Does not output negative savings when voltage reduction is the only measure • TRC Analysis Added to Calculator • O&M Costs Input • TRC Analysis Output

  6. What’s the Measure Life15 years for all? Savings Mechanism • Voltage Regulation • LDC using LTC or Voltage Regulator • Substation Bus (control setting) • Each Feeder (control setting) • End of Line feedback • Substation Bus (device, override?) • Each Feeder (device, override?) • Equipment Upgrades • Capacitor Banks (device, 10 year life?) • Transformers (device) • Phase Balancing (maintenance?) • Line Voltage Regulators (device) • Reconductoring • Current assumption is 15 years. • Some components last about 10 years (capacitor banks) • Much of the savings rely on maintaining improved control practices over time, rather than installing more efficient equipment. • Calculator does not allow for varying measure life by component.

  7. Reminder: • Load Research • Home Voltage Regulators on 395 homes • Pilot Demonstration • Various DEI measures on 10 substations (31 feeders) DEI Study had two monitoring components

  8. ∆kW from Load Research (NORTHWEST ENERGY EFFICIENCY ALLIANCE DISTRIBUTION EFFICIENCY INITIATIVE PROJECT FINAL REPORT by RW Beck)

  9. Delivered Energy Savings Shape Result: Load Factor: 0.68 Coincident Factor: 0.39

  10. ∆V from Load Research

  11. I2R Loss Load Shape∆I2Rproxy =(kWpre/Vpre) 2 – (kWpost/Vpost) 2 Result (negative savings): Load Factor: 0.29 Coincident Factor: 0.15

  12. Transformer No-load Loss Savings Shape = FLAT (LF 1.00, CF 0.68) ∆V From Pilot Project:

  13. Pro Cost => Regional NPV(Based on 15 year measure life)

  14. Issues with these Load Shapes • Averaged seasonal shapes • Do not take weekend/weekday into account • Peaks are hidden in the averaging • ∆V will be less during peak loading conditions • Delivered Energy Savings Shape • Delta kW from HVR’s is different than delta kW from a change in LTC settings at the bus/feeder • Heating/Cooling system type is averaged for the region • I2R loss savings shape is complex • This load shape is based solely on a system voltage reduction • Savings could also come from: • Phase balancing (shape?) • PF correction (shape?) • Transformer No-Load Loss Savings Shape • Need Pilot Demonstration data to determine how different it is from flat

  15. Questions for RTF • What is needed for approval of the calculator? • Add output for substation power transformer? Secondary line losses? • I2R revision? • Should there be any additional requirements for users (Training or Oversight)? • What should the measure life(s) be? • Is load shape analysis on the right track? • Pursue 8760 data (Pilot Demonstration and Load Research) for better load shape analysis? • Delivered Energy Savings Shape will be based on Load Research 8760 data (∆kW) • Depending on results, may have multiple load shapes for different mixes of heating system types • I2R Energy Savings Shape will be based on??? • Transformer No-Load Loss Saving Shape will be based on Pilot Demo 8760 data (∆V)

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