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Threats to Wellness

Threats to Wellness. Addictions, Addictive Behaviors & Drug Use. Habit Repeated, often unconscious, behavior Characterized by pleasure & rewards Ceased by recognition & small degree of discomfort. Addiction Repeated, often unconscious, behavior

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Threats to Wellness

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  1. Threats to Wellness Addictions, Addictive Behaviors & Drug Use

  2. Habit Repeated, often unconscious, behavior Characterized by pleasure & rewards Ceased by recognition & small degree of discomfort Addiction Repeated, often unconscious, behavior Characterized by compulsion, obsession, loss of control, negative life consequences & denial Not easily ceased without treatment & whole body pain The Difference Between Habitual Use & Addiction

  3. Cycle of Psychological Addiction

  4. Risk Factors: Biological

  5. Risk Factors: Psychological

  6. Risk Factors: Environmental

  7. Types of Addictions • Drug • Alcohol • Caffeine • Tobacco • Rx • Illicit • Process • Gambling • Shopping/borrowing • Internet • Sexual

  8. Alcohol Is regularly consumed by 65% of Americans, making it the most widely used and abused recreational drug

  9. Alcohol & College Students • Binge drinking • Alcohol poisoning • 29% of dropouts, 38% academic failures, 64% violent behaviors (90% campus sexual assault/rape) • Under aged consume less often, but consume more per occasion • Factors • Rite of passage • Culture & tradition • Independence • Stress, boredom, anxiety, sadness, social demands

  10. Alcohol: Physiology • Ethyl alcohol/ethanol • proof • Absorption & metabolism • Absorption factors • Time • Type, amount & proof • Carbonation • Weight, body mass • Food consumed • Mood • Gender

  11. Alcoholic Beverages and Their Alcohol Equivalencies

  12. Blood Alcohol Concentration • Ratio of alcohol to blood volume • Measures physiological & behavioral effects of alcohol • Factors • Weight, body fat, tissue water content, physiology • Legal foundations

  13. BAC

  14. Effects at Certain BAL

  15. Criminal Arrest Impounded vehicle 2 days – 6 months in jail or community service $400 - $1000 DUI school or substance abuse treatement DMV 90-day license revocation with $65 reinstatement $35 victim compensation penalty DMV tests SR-22 certificate of liability insurance for 3 years Nevada DUI: 1st Offense

  16. Alcohol & Women • Addiction rates • Death rates • Risk factors • Family history • Pressure from peer or spouse • Depression & stress • Treatment rates

  17. Treatment • Intervention • Treatment facilities • Detoxification • Rehabilitation • Outpatient • Therapy • Family, group, individual • Self-help groups • Relapse

  18. Limiting/Stopping Alcohol Use • List reasons to cut down • Set a realistic goal • Keep a drinking diary • Keep little to no alcohol at home • Drink slowly • Use assertive communication • Get/stay active • Get support • Avoid temptations • Do not give up

  19. Tobacco Use Is the single most preventable cause of death in the U.S.

  20. Advertising & Promotion • $18 million/day • Target audiences • 18-24 • Minorities • Free products • Sponsored events • Product placement • Image

  21. Nicotine • CNS Stimulant • Nicotine • Stimulation/relaxation • Increased heart/respiratory rates, blood pressure • Constricted blood vessels • Decreased sense of smell, taste • Decreased blood sugar, stomach contractions • Nicotine poisoning • Highly addictive

  22. Ingestion • Cigarettes • Nicotine • 4,700 chemicals • Tar/Phenol • Carbon monoxide • Cigars • 23 poisons, 43 carcinogins • Smokeless

  23. Health Impact of Smoking • Cancer • Lung, pancreas, esophagus, mouth, lip, tongue, salivary glands, kidney, bladder, larynx, breast • Cardiovascular Disease • Atherosclerosis, blood clots, irregular heart beat, stroke • Respiratory Disorder • COPD, emphysema, flu, colds, pneumonia • Sexual dysfunction

  24. Health Impact of ETS • Nicotine levels in non-smokers • 50 carcinogens • Lung, breast cancer • Heart disease • Children • SIDS • Pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma • Lower test scores • Higher probability of smoking

  25. Options for Quitting • Cold turkey • Nicotine replacement products • Gum • Patch • Inhaler • Vaccine • Support • Nevada Tobacco Users’ Helpline • 1-888-866-6642 or 702-877-0684

  26. Caffeine Is the most widely consumed drug in the world

  27. Caffeine Facts • Chemical family of xanthines • Found in 60 different plants • Mild CNS stimulant: mental alertness; increased heart contractions, oxygen consumption, metabolism, urinary output • Insomnia, irregular heartbeat, dizziness, nausea, indigestions, mild delirium • Absorbed within 30 - 60 min after drinking; half the effect lasts for 3 - 6 hours • 10g is considered a lethal dose

  28. Caffeinism • Insomnia • Irritability, • Nervousness • Involuntary muscle twitches • Sensory disturbances • Withdrawal symptoms • Headache, constipation, high blood pressure, irritability

  29. Energy Drinks • Up to 80 mg caffeine • Mountain Dew: 37mg • Coke Classic: 23mg • Other ingredients • Combined with alcohol • Stimulant + depressant • Masks intoxication level • Severe dehydration • Intense hangovers

  30. Marijuana Is the most frequently used illicit drug in the U.S.

  31. Effects of THC • Effects felt in 10 – 30 minutes when smoked • Relaxation or mood elevation followed by drowsiness & sedation • Heightened sensory awareness & altered perceptions • Dilation of eye blood vessels • Coughing, dry mouth & throat • Increased thirst & appetite • Increased heart rate • Lowered blood pressure • Mild muscular weakness • Impaired driving abilities • Possible anxiety, panic or paranoia

  32. Chronic Use • Impaired memory • Impaired thinking & problem-solving • Lung damage • Immune system suppression • Changes in blood pressure

  33. UNLV Resources • Student Counseling & Psychological Services, 895-3627 • Jean Nidetch Women’s Center, 895-4475 • Student Health Center, 895- 3370

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