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WWI

WWI. Part II. 1914-1919 World War I. - Chapter 23 - Section 2: America’s Road to War p. 706. Daily News. New Hampshire primary: Winner: Mitt Romney 39% (96,773 votes) 2 nd : Ron Paul 23% (56,223 votes) 3 rd Jon Huntsman 17% (41,509 votes). American Neutrality.

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WWI

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  1. WWI Part II

  2. 1914-1919 World War I - Chapter 23 - Section 2: America’s Road to War p. 706

  3. Daily News New Hampshire primary: Winner: Mitt Romney 39% (96,773 votes) 2nd: Ron Paul 23% (56,223 votes) 3rdJon Huntsman 17% (41,509 votes)

  4. American Neutrality Neutrality: Not choosing sides. To stay out of something. President Wilson won the election partially because of his promise to keep us out of “The Great War” Americans started choosing sides. Gas alarm on Western Front 

  5. Americas choosing sides 33 million Americas were 1st or 2nd generation immigrants. People from Germany supported Germany…and so on. Irish supported Germany (because they hate the British) Language, customs and traditions linked many Americans to England.

  6. Using Propaganda Propaganda: information used to influence Can be in the form of pictures, commercials, or writing. Example: - Cigarette advertisements - McDonald’s commercials (skinny people eating fast food) • Movies that share a political message • Flu shots are needed or else! • Send heroes to give a message • Cartoons showing person as bad guy

  7. Propaganda Common propaganda sells lies about: Happiness and Patriotism And are meant to make you feel a certain way: “Being antiwar means you hate soldiers, U.S. and freedom.” “You work hard, you deserve ______________.” “Buy _________and life will be better.” “Countries don’t like the U.S. because of their freedom.”

  8. Dangers of Propaganda Propaganda is scary because it makes fake, real. Entire countries believe lies. Lies become common knowledge. Propaganda is meant to turn off your brain and just believe. How do you fight propaganda?

  9. How to protect yourself from propaganda: • Read. • Talk. • Think. In that order.

  10. America’s Early Involvement U.S. planned on trading both sides. Trade helped Allies. British blockade stopped most trade with Germany. “If the American shipper grumbles our reply is that this war is not being conduced for his pleasure or profit.” - London Newspaper U.S. has an economic boom. Germans see the U.S. helping the Allies.

  11. Submarine Warfare Germany told all countries that any ships near the port of Britain will be sunk. Wilson threatens that lost lives will be on Germany. May 7, 1915: Lusitania sunk killing over 1,000 people. French ship, Sussex sunk. Germany says sorry and offers money to families of lost. U.S. starts building a larger army and navy.

  12. On the Brink of War Germany said it will sink all ships. They thought they’d be able to conquer the Allies before the U.S. was able to join the war. Telegram was intercepted. It asked Mexico to attack the U.S. if it joined the war. March 1917, 4 more ships sunk. 36 die.

  13. America Enters the War President Wilson asks Congress for a declaration of war. After much debate the declaration was approved. Congress set up the Selective Service Act which said every man 21-30 years old were eligible to be drafted into the army. 3 million men will join the military. 2 million volunteers.

  14. Bell RingerDirections:Answer the following question on your worksheet. What conditions might justify U.S. entry into another country’s war? Write your response and be ready to share your answer.

  15. 1914-1919 World War I - Chapter 23 - Section 3: Americans Join the Allies p. 709

  16. Bell RingerDirections:Answer the following question on your worksheet. How can a country help an ally fight a war? Write your response and be ready to share your answer.

  17. Problems • Troops exhausted • Spirit of some soldiers (French) broken • Supplies low, people starving • German U-boats sinking ¼ of all ships

  18. Impact of America • Convoys: Navy destroyers escorted merchant ships across the Atlantic (1/3 of the supplies lost, not 1 soldier) • Fresh troops and supplies

  19. Russia pulls a France • Russia is having a food and fuel shortage • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: Treaty with Germany, Russia pulls out of WWI • Germany now only has the Western Front to focus its attention on • 1918 offensive that pushes the W. Front within 40 miles of Paris

  20. American Troops Arrive in France p. 720 General John J. Pershing: Supreme commander of AEF American Expeditionary Force: U.S. Army in WWI Pershing kept the American troops separate from the other armies

  21. Doughboys Doughboy is a nickname for a U.S. soldier (because of brass buttons that looked like boiled dough dumplings) The American army, fighting 24 hrs for 3 weeks, stop the Germans.

  22. Battle of Argonne Forest • Germans have been fortifying the area since 1915 • “rugged, heavily forested, rain, mud, barbed wire, machine guns” for 30 miles • 115,000 Americans will lose their lives • Allies are victorious Result= Now the Allies will be invading Germany

  23. Difficulties for the Central Powers • Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary on the edge of defeat= Revolution • Territories start to break away from Austria-Hungary: Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia • People of Central Power countries overthrow their governments and surrender to Allies

  24. Armistice Armistice: an agreement to stop fighting Lack of food and supplies and renewed Allied determination results in a bad situation for the Germans On Oct 4, 1918 the German gov. asks for peace. Conditions: 1)Accept plan for peace and agreement not to fight again 2) Troops must leave Belgium and France 3) Negotiate with civilian leaders in peace, not military (Power to people: Revolution) 11 a.m., November 11th, 1918 The Great War ends.

  25. Neutrality

  26. Propaganda

  27. 1914-1919 World War I - Chapter 23 - Section 4: The War at Home p. 712

  28. War at Home Mobilization: gathering of resources and the preparation for war Because of the need during WWI, workers gain rights: 1) 8 hr work day 2) Overtime pay 3) Equal pay for women* 4) Right to form Unions In return, workers promised not to go on strike

  29. Workers During the War How do you pay for war? 1) War (Defense) Bonds 10 cents to $10,000: U.S. borrowing money from us. 2) Raise Taxes What happens when millions of U.S. men go to war? 1) Women get jobs (that were usually for men) 2) Black Americans move North (Great Migration)

  30. War for people at home… U.S. was producing food for U.S. military and the Allies How do you make sure there is enough food? 1) Farmers make more food 2) Americans eat less Rationing: Limiting use Consuming: Used War Industries Board: Factories were changed to make war supplies.

  31. Support for The Great War Committee of Public Information: Promote the war as “a battle for democracy and freedom” How did the committee convince the U.S. this war was good? Propaganda used: 1) Posters, pamphlets, articles, books, and newspapers 2) Speakers, writers, artists and actors were paid to support the war.

  32. War and the Constitution Government had little patience for antiwar feelings. What were 2 groups that were against WWI? Socialists: People who believed industries should be publically owned Pacifists: People who are opposed to the use of violence

  33. Out with the Constitution Espionage Act: stiff penalties for spying. Sabotage and Sedition Act: Made it a crime to say, print or write anything negative about the government. No measure is ‘too drastic’ during wartime Vs Even in war time, the rights of citizens must be protected

  34. Out with the Constitution… today? Patriot Act: - Sneak and Peak, without home owners knowing - Banks can collect information for law enforcement - Electronic, face to face and telephone interaction Defense Bill: - Government is able to capture and detain enemies for unlimited amount of time without trial - Americans too

  35. Bell RingerDirections:Answer the following question on your worksheet. What challenges do you think countries face when discussing a peace plan? Write your response and be ready to share your answer.

  36. Peace Process What is the setting for the peace talks after WWI? - 27 nations gather at peace conference in Paris - Europe was in ruins. - 9 million soldiers dead (total) - Millions of civilians dead - New countries trying to establish themselves - Civil war in Russia

  37. Wilson’s Fourteen Points Plan for peace Wilson’s Idea: Don’t punish Germany League of Nations End of secret treaties Free Trade/Freedom of seas Limits on arms Europe wanted to punish Germany: Make them pay billions of dollars ($31 billion or 422) Accept full responsibility Disarm their army

  38. Bell RingerDirections:Answer the following question on your worksheet. How does the attitude of a nation’s people help their soldiers fight a war? Write your response and be ready to share your answer.

  39. 1914-1919 World War I - Chapter 23 - Section 5: Searching for Peace p. 714

  40. Chapter 23 Quiz: Today • You may use your notes and worksheets At the end of the quiz: • Staple your quiz to your papers in this order On top) Quiz 2) Section 1 3) Section 1b 4) Section 2 5) Section 3 6) Section 4/5 7) Map When you are done, have a book or something productive

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