Roman Geography

1. Roman Geography Students will be able to identify the boundaries of the Roman Empire at its height.

2. Rome Troy Carthage

3. Beginning of Rome Myth • Trojan prince Aeneas discovers Latins while looking for promise land. • Romulus and Remus, son of Latin princess and god Mars, abandoned • Romulus and Remus cared for by she-wolf, discovered by shepherd and wife • Romulus kills Remus; becomes king of Rome

4. Beginning of Rome Historical • Latins settled on Palatine, a futile area with pleasant climate, around 1200 B.C. • Etruscans (people of the sea) of Etruia ruled Rome (Latins) for 200 years • Romans overthrew Etruscan leaders and set up a Republic in 509 B. C.

5. Roman Empire 500 B.C. – 264 B.C. Rome Troy Carthage

6. Expansion of the Roman Republic The Battle of Zama • Romans conquered and controlled all of Italy by 275 B.C. • City-State Carthage ruled much of North Africa, Spain, and Sicily • Roman conflict with Carthage started the Punic Wars • Romans fought Carthaginians for control of Mediterranean Sea • Hannibal defeated at Zama; Carthage lost all its territories to Rome • By 146 B.C. Rome was the leading power of the Mediterranean.

7. Roman Empire 265 B.C. – 146 B.C. Rome Troy Carthage Hannibal’s route to Rome.

8. The Final Years of the Roman Republic Julius Caesar • Rome’s conquers caused changes in economy and government • Large estates replaced small farms; cities became crowed • Gap grew between rich and poor • Attempts were made to improve conditions in Rome • Gracchi brothers gave land and wheat to the poor • General Mariusa gave power to the army • General Sulla gave more power to the Senate • Julius Caesar built up army and took power • Conquered Britain, Libya, Egypt, Cyrenaica, Numidia, Syria, Asia Minor • Caesar assassinated by those who opposed his dictatorship

9. Roman Empire 147 B.C. – 44 B.C. Rome Troy Carthage

10. The Roman Empire Cleopatra’s Death • After Caesar’s death, power shared by Marc Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian. • Civil War broke out between Antony and Cleopatra and Octavian • Octavian won naval victory at Actium in 31 B.C. • When Antony was defeated and Egypt was made a Roman province, he and Cleopathra committed suicide to avoid being paraded through Rome as captives • Octavian became absolute Ruler of Rome; he was given the title Augustus (honored) • As Rome’s “First Citizen” Augustus ended the expansion of the Empire at its defensible boundaries: Rhine, Danube and Euphrates rivers; and Sahara Desert • Augustus introduced the “Pax Romana,” a time of peace and unity for the Empire

11. Roman Empire 44 B.C. – 31 B.C. Rome Troy Carthage

12. The Roman Empire Gladiatorial Games • Augustus’ successors accepted his defensive foreign policies • Trajan, Rome’s last great conqueror, established new provinces in Dacia, Armenia, Assyria, and Mesopotamia • Empire reached its greatest height under Trajan in A.D. 117 • Five Good Emperors ruled Rome between A.D. 96 and A.D. 186 • After A.D. 186, civil war broke out in the Empire and emperors lost control • Rome’s size was difficult to manage; Diocletian divided it in two • Barbarians attacked the Empire from many sides • Internally, gladiatorial games were one sign of Rome’s decline

13. Roman Empire 43 B.C. – 117 A.D. Rome Troy Carthage

14. Roman Empire Split 349 A.D. Constantinople Rome Troy Western Roman Empire Eastern Roman Empire Byzantine Empire Carthage