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Cristina Eghenter Deputy Director for Social Development WWF-Indonesia

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Cristina Eghenter Deputy Director for Social Development WWF-Indonesia

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  1. Food Sovereignty for Food Security: How protecting traditional knowledge and agro-biodiversity can be part of the solutionWorkshop“Managing wild species and systems for food security”  Co-organized by Bioversity International and CIFOR, IUCN World Conservation CongressJeju (Korea), 6-15 September 2012 Cristina Eghenter Deputy Director for Social Development WWF-Indonesia

  2. The physical limits of agriculture (land, productivity, intensification, etc)? • Low investment and innovation • The supply vs demand argument: Food scarcity? • Whose demand for food? • The distributional and equity dimensions of food security Rice fields in the Krayan Highlands

  3. Ecosystem and biodiversity conservation&food security: The Risks • More land clearing • Loss of biodiversity can also mean loss of food and cultural/spiritual system • Loss of traditional knowledge and practices associated with small agroforestry and agricultural regimes • Increased disempowerment and creation of poverty Fruit tree seedlings in a local nursery, Krayan Selatan

  4. Food security is not only a matter of quantity of food, but also of the diversity and quality of food, and related cultivars, equally at the basis of a sustainable and meaningful food&livelihood system It is the local enrichment and active experiments and practices of local& Indigenous people (men and women)that have often shaped the variety of cultivars and diversity of food plants of our planet Food sovereignity as a way to recognize rights and diversity, and establish fair protection claims over the genetic resources that make up agro-biodiversity

  5. High biodiversity is a salient feature of traditional farming systems • ‘Local’ feature of traditional farming systems: agrobiodiversity nurtured in very specific environments and micro-climates, influenced by cultural traditions and strong preferences • The results of surveys conducted by local people in the Highlands of Krayan, Kecamatan Krayan Selatan, KabupatenNunukan (2005): over (20) local varieties of durian “datu” fruit or varieties with enough phenotypical and sensorial distinct characteristics to warrant a different name in the local language • Over(40) varieties of rice are planted in any planting season between the Bahau and Pujungan sub-districts in Malinau. In Krayan Selatan, (22) varieties of paddy rice were cultivated in the six settlements of the sub-district of Krayan Selatan in 2007 and (4) hill rice varieties. • A study of two communities in Sarawak (Christiansen 2002) found that local people have knowledge of over 1,144 species, representing more than 172 botanical families. Around 20% of the species known and used are cultivated, semi-managed or domesticated. Around 50% of these species have multiple uses. The most important of these uses is food.

  6. The ‘diversity’ and ‘locality’ of cultivars and genetic resources is a way to build resilience, adaptability and reduce vulnerability by maintaining diverse and adaptive plants that can cope with climate and environmental crises. • The varieties also need to be recognized, and origin and names maintained, as part of a fair food sovereignty program. Krayan Adan Rice from the Highlands of Borneo

  7. Is conservation and sovereignty of agro-biodiversity and local cultivars the solution to food security? Not by itself, but it is an important dimension to consider and integrate in policies to ensure long-term security and sustainability in conservation landscapes. • Food security will also require technological and financial investment in sustainable farming practices, more innovation, tenure security, and overall good governance of the land and other natural resources. • Some important policies will also need to be followed up and implemented: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) protocol (and Community Protocols to protect customary practices and knowledge); thw institution of the office for food security of the Ministry of Agriculture which has an explict mandate to identify and develop local food plants/crops integrated and in line with traditional knowledge as a basis for diversification of staple food.

  8. WWF Indonesia plans to engage in more :field action and advocacy in support of agro-biodiversity and recognition of related traditional knowledge • Focus on small farms are as a significant share of agricultural production • Promote environment-friendly methods and investment • Documentation and protection of bio-cultural knowledge systems related to plants and crops (community potocols; registry and banks of traditional seeds) • Management of competing claims over land use to avoid land grabbing for biofuels and cattle feed • Promote good governance of natural capital by involving the relevant stakeholders and right-holders, and based on meaningful collaboration and fair partnerships • In landscapes and regions where traditional management practices, customary land use, local wisdom and rich biodiversity are linked in strong and adaptive systems, these need to be maintained so that they can serve as a basis for sustainable and resilient green economies.

  9. Thank You Rice fields in the forest, Pa’Upan, Krayan Selatan

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