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Chapter 8: Stimulants Their Effects & Common Types

Chapter 8: Stimulants Their Effects & Common Types. NEONS Names of Team Members April 6, 2005. Goals and Purpose. To inform class about Stimulants and their effects on the body To inform specifically about 3 common forms of Stimulants - structure, sources, negative effects. Stimulants.

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Chapter 8: Stimulants Their Effects & Common Types

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  1. Chapter 8: StimulantsTheir Effects & Common Types NEONS Names of Team Members April 6, 2005

  2. Goals and Purpose • To inform class about Stimulants and their effects on the body • To inform specifically about 3 common forms of Stimulants - structure, sources, negative effects

  3. Stimulants • What is a stimulant? • Any substance that increases our level of alertness and speed of our mental processes • What does a stimulant do? • Enhances brain activity • Improves mood • Decreases fatigue and our appetite • Increases blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration

  4. Stimulants • History • Used to treat asthma, obesity, neurological disorders • Found to have potential for addiction • Still used to treat narcolepsy, attention-deficit disorder, and depression

  5. Stimulants • Consequences of Addiction • Irregular heartbeat • High body temperature • Cardiovascular failure • No evident cure • Detoxification

  6. Stimulants • Three commons examples of stimulants: Caffeine Nicotine Amphetamines

  7. Caffeine C8H10N4O2

  8. Caffeine Common Sources: • Coffee • Tea • Cola Drinks • Over the counter Drugs (No-Doz) - Pure form = white crystalline powder

  9. Caffeine • Uses: - Medically as a cardiac stimulant or a mild diuretic - Recreationally as an energy boost - blocks adenosine reception - injects andrenaline into system - manipulates dopamine production

  10. Caffeine • Negative effects: - Can interrupt sleep patterns - If relied on too much, once use is stopped it can cause tiredness, depression & headaches

  11. Caffeine - Broken down in the liver -Lethal dose= 10 g (100 cups of coffee) - Half-life: 6 hours - America’s most popular drug, 90% of people consume it every day

  12. Nicotine C10H14N2

  13. Nicotine • Alkaloid - organic compound made out of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen & sometimes oxygen - colorless, oily fluid with little odor, sharp burning taste • Common Source: - occurs naturally in leaves of tobacco plants - inhaled cigarette smoke

  14. Nicotine • Negative effects: - blocks the release of the hormone insulin, causing hyperglycemic (too much sugar than usual in blood) - can increase the level of the “bad” cholesterol LDL - damages your arteries - increase risk of heart attack or stroke - withdrawal symptoms

  15. Nicotine Half-life: 1 hour

  16. Amphetamines C9H13N

  17. Amphetamines • Amphetamine Relatives: - Dextroamphetamine - Methamphetamine (Speed or Meth) - Ecstasy - Phenylethylamine

  18. Amphetamines • Uses: - Medically: - WWII soldiers were given amphetamines to stay awake - Medically dexadrine and methadrine are prescribed for people suffering from narcolepsy and children who have ADHD - Found in weight loss pills (now regulated by the FDA) • Recreationally: - abused as street drugs

  19. Amphetamines • When a methyl group (CH3) is added, it becomes Methamphetamines: • Need psuedoephedrine to be processed • Found in white powder, clear chunky crystals, brightly colored tablets (Yaba) • Produced most widely in western, southwestern, Midwestern U.S. and Mexico • Half-life: 12 hours

  20. Amphetamines • Methamphetamine Negative effects: - psychotic behavior ( anxiety & paranoia) - brain damage - linked to Alzheimer’s Disease

  21. Lasting Effects Hours

  22. Increases energy Used medically to regulate disorders Cognitive enhancement Addiction Harmful to the body if not used in moderation Withdrawal symptoms Stimulants Pros Cons

  23. References “Amphetamines”. www.Recovery.org.uk/druginfo/index.html. (accessed Feb. 2005) “Stimulants”. www.drug-addiction.com/stimulants.htm (accessed Feb. 2005) Baird, C.; Gloffke, W. Condensation Polymers and Drugs-Especially Those Containing Nitrogen. Chemistry In Your Life; W.H. Freeman and Co.: New York, 2003; pp295-321 Brain, Marshall, “How Caffeine Works” . http://home.howstuffworks.com/caffeine.htm/printable (accessed Feb.2005). Meeker-O’Connell, Ann, “How Nicotine Works”. http://sciences.howstuffworks.com/nicotine.htm/printable (accessed Feb. 2005). Drugs Information Online, Amphetamine Drug Information. http:www.drugs.com/amphetamine.html (accessed Feb. 2005) Erowid, Psychoactive Chemistry. http://www.erowid.org/psychoactives/chemistry/chemistry.shtml (accessed Mar. 2005)

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