1 / 18

EDUCATION

EDUCATION . “It is possible to store the mind with a million facts and still be entirely uneducated.” - Alec Bourne. Cystitis Cystic calculi Urinary obstruction ARF & CRF Incontinence. Renal Failure. ________ of Cardiac output Filtered by renal corpuscle Reabsorbed by kidney tubules

liliha
Télécharger la présentation

EDUCATION

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. EDUCATION “It is possible to store the mind with a million facts and still be entirely uneducated.” - Alec Bourne

  2. CystitisCystic calculiUrinary obstructionARF & CRFIncontinence

  3. Renal Failure • ________ of Cardiac output • Filtered by renal corpuscle • Reabsorbed by kidney tubules • _______________ as urine • Renal Failure due to: • ↓ blood flow (hypoperfusion) • Damage to nephron and glomerular filtration declines resulting in______________

  4. AZOTEMIA • Pre-renal • Renal • Post-renal

  5. Acute Renal Failure • Three distinct phases: • ________________: the time from the initial insult until decreased renal function is apparent (hours to days) • Maintenance: the time period during which renal tubular damage occurs (___________________) • Recovery: the time during which renal function improves, existing nephrons __________________ and compensate for those damaged, and tubular repair occurs (when possible)

  6. Stages of Kidney disease

  7. Acute Renal Failure An abrupt decrease in glomerular filtration → azotemia (↑ toxins in blood) • Causes • Damage to nephron (damaged nephrons________________; other nephrons will hypertrophy) Any part of nephron may be damaged (when 1 part of nephron is lost, it is all lost) • Nephrotoxic drugs • _______________________ (gentamicin, streptomycin) • Chemotherapeutic agents • Antifungal medications • Analgesics (acetaminophen) • Anesthetics (methoxyflurane [Metafane]) • Toxins: Ethylene glycol (antifreeze), grapes • Infections (pyelonephritis):___________________ • Immune-mediated diseases (Glomerulonephritis) • Metabolic: Hypercalcemia; Addison’s

  8. Acute Renal Failure • ↓ Renal perfusion • Shock • Hypovolemia/dehydration • Hypotension • Signs (non-specific) • Kidneys are ____________ and painful on palpation • Signs of +/- azotemia • Anorexia, dehydrated • Vomiting/diarrhea • Weakness • Fever CAT Kidney

  9. Acute Renal Failure • Dx • Urinalysis—urine sediment/casts; ______________ sp gravity (unable to concentrate urine) • CBC—dehydration (↑PCV), acidosis • Chem panel • ↑ BUN, Creatinine • ↑ __________, ______________

  10. Acute Renal Failure • Rx (aim is to restore renal hemodynamics) • Relieve tubular obstruction • Discontinue any toxic drugs • IV fluids (start with normal saline) • ___________________________________ • Correct acid/base (sodium bicarb) and electrolyte imbalance • Client info • Renal function ______________ be like it was before injury • Prognosis is guarded especially with _______________ • Care must be taken to avoid events that may precipitate further damage to kidney • Appropriate diet • Adequate water access

  11. Chronic Renal Failure Common in older pets; cats appear to be more affected than dogs Irreversible and progressive decline in renal function (nephron damage) Dogs > 8 yrs Cats > 10 yrs

  12. Chronic Renal Failure • Progressive • 1st function lost: Ability to ____________________ • PU, PD, nocturia • Loss of ADH response • Other functions lost: Ability to cleanse blood • Azotemia (toxemia) • Begins ___________________ of nephron loss • ↑ BUN, Creatinine • Anemia: ___________________ secreted by kidneys

  13. Chronic Renal Failure • Signs • Dull, lethargic, weak • Anorexia, wt loss • Cat: constipation • PU/PD____________________ • Hypokalemia (feline polymyopathy) • Sudden blindness • Dx • Acidosis • Anemia • ↑ BUN, Creatinine • Hyperphosphatemia, ___________________, • Proteinuria

  14. Chronic Renal Failure • Rx • Fluids for dehydration (IV, SQ) • ________________ , calcium carbonate for electrolyte imbalances • Phosphorous binders:___________________ • Sodium bicarb for pH adjustment • Hormones • ___________________ • Vit B supplements • Client info • CRF is progressive and __________________ • Rx is aimed at slowing its progress • SQ fluids at home are required to maintain hydration • Warm foods to improve palatability • Quality of life will decrease; euthanasia may have to be considered

  15. Urinary Incontinence Loss of voluntary control of micturition • Causes • ________________—loss of normal neural function causing a paralyzed bladder • Ectopic ureters • Patent urachus • Endocrine imbalance (after____________)

  16. Urinary Incontinence • Signs • Urine leakage when pet is _____________ or exercising • Perianal area of pet is always wet • Concurrent ____________________ • Dx • Urinalysis • X-rays/cystography • Chem panel to r/o PU from endocrine disease

  17. Urinary Incontinence • Rx (based on specific cause) • Surgical correction • Endocrine deficiency in spayed female • _______________________ (PO or inj) • Phenylpropanolamine (for loss of sphincter tone) • Client info • Doses will have to be adjusted for individual animals • Paralytic bladder incontinence may require _________________________________________________ several times a day

More Related