ART OF THE EARLIEST TIMES

1. ART OF THE EARLIEST TIMES CHAPTER 2

2. LESSON 1 Prehistory

3. VOCABULARY • CROM = bent. • DOLMEN = is a type of single-chamber megalith tomb. • LITHOS = stone. • LLECH = flagstone. • MEGALITHS= large stone slabs used in or as monuments. • MENHIR = a large upright standing stone. • MESO = middle. • NEO = new.

4. VOCABULARY • PALEO = old. • POST AND LINTEL SYSTEM = a method of construction in which a crossbeam is placed across the opening . • POTTERY= is the art of making objects of clay and similar materials treated by firing. • PREHISTORY= before the existence of written records. • SOCIETIES= large human groups whose members share a common purpose and similar ideas.

5. PREHISTORY • Life was filled with danger and fear. • They were at the mercy of wild beast, hunger, and disease. • The most important purpose of life was to find food for survival.

6. PREHISTORY PERIODS • PHALEOLITHIC • 30,000 to 10,000 b.c. • Used caves for shelter. • MESOLITHIC • 10,000 - 5,000 b.c. • Nomadic hunting and gathering. • NOELITHIC • 7,000 - 2,000 b.c. • Sedentary living with the discovery of agriculture.

7. PALEOLITHIC ART • SCULPTURE– • MOBILE ART • Small statues of women called “VENUS” • Characterized by the expansion of breasts, womb and hips. • Symbols of fertility.

8. Venus of Willendorf c. 24,000-22,000 BCE Oolitic limestone 43/8 inches (11.1 cm) high (Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna)

9. Other Venus Venus of Gagarino. Venus of Lespugue (23,000 BC). Venus of Dolni Vestonice (26,000 BCE)First work of ceramic art.

10. Venus of Laussel (23,000 BCE)First bas-relief sculpture. "The lady in a hood" • A statuette from the mammoth's tusk, 3.7cm. Found in 1894

11. MESOLITHIC ART • PAINTING • RUPESTRIAN ART • Cave paintings. • Themes: Hunting scenes, the fauna, and the daily life. • Most famous: Altamira (1879) in Spain and Lascaux (1940) in France.

12. CHARACTERISTICS: • Colors made from: • Animal fat, vegetable juices, dirt of different chromes, and burn wood (for the black silhouettes). • Presents a sensibility for life and movement. • The use of the textures of the rocks to give volume and movement to the bodies.

13. MESOLITHIC CAVES

14. ALTAMIRA CAVE • Located near the town of Santillana del Mar in Cantabria, Spain.

15. Neocave at the Altamira Museum

18. Bison

21. LASCAUX CAVE • Located near the village of Montignac, in the Dordogne department. • http://www.lascaux.culture.fr/index.php#/en/00.xml

27. NEOLITHIC ART • POTTERY and ARCHITECTURE • POTTERY • Types: • Stripped • Flat • Corded • Beaker (bell shape)

29. ARCHITECTURE • They created MEGALITHIC constructions. • Were used for funeral rites and the worship of the sun.

30. Types of Megaliths • MENHIR = a large upright standing stone. • Possible Uses: • Human sacrifice • Territorial markers • Elements of a complex ideological system. • Early calendars.

31. Deer stone near Mörön in Mongolia

32. The Great Menhir of ErGrah, the largest known single stone putted up by Neolithic man, later deliberately toppled.

33. The broken menhir was erected around 4700 BC

34. Measuring 20.60 meters (67.6 ft.), with a weight of 280 tons.

36. CROMLECH • Are the remains of prehistoric stone chamber tombs and also called stone circles. • STONEHENGE in Britain. http://www.3dancientwonders.com/3d_stonehenge_virtualreality.htm

37. The Almendres Cromlech

39. STONEHENGE

43. DOLMEN • is a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb. • Made of three or more upright stones supporting a large flat horizontal capstone (table).

46. The Table des Marchand is a large dolmen containing a number of decorations.