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Chordates

Chordates. Chordates. What is a chordate? 1. Has either a backbone or a notochord (vertebrate) 2. Can either be an ectotherm or an endotherm. Chordates. Endotherm (warmblooded) Has a stable body temperature Ectotherm (coldblooded) Can change body temperature due to the environment.

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Chordates

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  1. Chordates

  2. Chordates • What is a chordate? • 1. Has either a backbone or a notochord (vertebrate) • 2. Can either be an ectotherm or an endotherm

  3. Chordates • Endotherm (warmblooded) • Has a stable body temperature • Ectotherm (coldblooded) • Can change body temperature due to the environment

  4. Chordates • 5 Major Catagories of Chordates • Fish • Amphibians • Reptiles • Birds • Mammals

  5. Amphibians • Amphibian- means “double life” • Why? • After beginning their lives in water, most amphibians spend their adulthood on land, returning to water to reproduce. (Lose gills and acquire lungs)

  6. http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/amphibians-animals/frogs-and-toads/frog_greentree_lifecycle.htmlhttp://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/amphibians-animals/frogs-and-toads/frog_greentree_lifecycle.html

  7. Amphibians • 3 types/orders: • Anura (frogs and toads), • Caudata (salamanders and newts), and • Gymnophiona (caecilians, limbless amphibians that resemble snakes)

  8. Amphibians • What’s the difference between a frog and a toad? • 1. Many toads have lumps behind their eyes that contain poison that oozes out when they are attacked. • 2. Skin- • Frogs are moist and smooth • Toads are dry and bumpy

  9. Frog Dissection • What are the rules of lab? • How should we behave? • http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs/BL_16/BL_16.html

  10. Frog Dissection- Mouth

  11. Reptiles • An ectothermic vertebrate that has lungs and scaly skin. • Major Groups: • Lizards • Snakes • Turtles • Alligators • Crocodiles

  12. Reptiles • Unlike amphibians, which have a thin, moist skin, reptiles have dry, tough skin covered with scales. • Skin protects and helps keep water in their bodies.

  13. Reptiles • Lizards and snakes shed their skin. • All snakes are carnivores but not all lizards are. • Turtles have a shell made from their ribs and backbone.

  14. Reptiles • What is the difference between an alligator and a croc? • Alligators have broad, rounded snouts, with only a few teeth visible. • Crocodiles have pointed snouts, and you can see most of their teeth.

  15. Birds • Bird: an endothermic vertebrate that has feathers and a four-chambered heart, and lays eggs. • The rule is: • If it has feathers, it’s a bird.

  16. Birds • Feathers: • Contour: one of the large feathers that give shape to a bird’s body. • Flight: long contour feathers that extend beyond the body on the wings and tail. • Down: short, fluffy that are specialized to trap heat and keep a bird warm.

  17. Birds • Feed • Capture, grip and handle food, birds use their bills. • Bills specify per species • Internal storage tank called a crop • Birds do not have teeth, a gizzard performs the grinding function

  18. Birds • Adaptations for Flight • 4 chambered heart • Highly efficient respiratory system • Lightweight bones with air spaces

  19. Mammals • All mammals are endothermic vertebrates with a 4 chambered heart and skin covered with fur or hair.

  20. Mammals • All mammals have…. • 1. Hair or fur • 2. Mammary glands (feed with milk) • 3. Distinctive teeth • 4. Highly developed brain • 5. Extended care for the young

  21. Mammals • Three groups of mammals • Monotremes • Marsupials • Placental mammals

  22. Mammals • Monotremes • Mammals that lay eggs • Two species: • Spiny anteaters • Duck-billed platypuses

  23. Mammals • Marsupials • Young born alive at an early stage, but continue to develop in a pouch • Examples: • Kangaroos • Koalas • Wallabies • opossums

  24. Mammals • Placental Mammals • Develop inside a mother’s body until its body system can function independently. • Examples: • Insect-eaters • Flying mammals • Primates • Rodents • Rabbits/hares • Marine mammals • Hoofed mammals

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