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Chapter 1 Why Information Systems Matter www.pearsoned.ca/jessup

Chapter 1 Why Information Systems Matter www.pearsoned.ca/jessup. Robert Riordan, Carleton University. Why Learn about Information Systems. Value of IS Knowledge in Different Careers. What is a system? . Start a chip company. _____________ Case. Control of System Performance.

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Chapter 1 Why Information Systems Matter www.pearsoned.ca/jessup

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  1. Chapter 1 Why Information Systems Matter www.pearsoned.ca/jessup Robert Riordan, Carleton University

  2. Why Learn about Information Systems

  3. Value of IS Knowledge in Different Careers

  4. What is a system? Start a chip company

  5. _____________ Case

  6. Control of System Performance Input of ______ Resources Processing ________ Output of Information Products Storage of Data Resources What is an Information System? • Combinations of _____________, software, and telecommunications networks that people build and use to collect, create and distribute useful data, typically in _____________settings.

  7. Information Systems: Turn Data into Information Data Information • Raw material • _________ information • Generally has no _______ • Processed material • _________ information • Data given ________ Individual time cards for factory workers entered into the payroll system Department Labour Report, Project Status Report, Employee Payroll Checks Examples

  8. What are Computer Based Information Systems? - A ____________of technical components - Built and used by ____________ to collect, create, and distribute useful data - Used typically in ____________ settings but are evolving for personal use

  9. How Levi’s Got Its Jeans into Wal-Mart

  10. High Flyers High Flyers • What existing information systems can you Identify? • What additional information systems would be beneficial?

  11. What is the Data component of the IS? Data People Information Systems Telecommunications Hardware Software • The raw inputs for entry into ___________systems • ____________, processed and stored by an IS to support user information needs • Provides basis for qualitative/quantitative _________

  12. Information Systems Components: Hardware Data People Information Systems Hardware Telecommunications Software • The ____________ components of information systems • Hardware components include processors, input and output devices, and ____________ devices

  13. Information Systems Components: Software Data People Information Systems Telecommunications Hardware Software • The ____________ that operate the information system • System software controls the hardware (e.g. Windows XP) • ____________ software allows users to perform specific tasks to increase productivity (e.g. MS Word)

  14. Information Systems Components: Telecommunications Data People Information Systems Telecommunications Hardware Software • The communication mechanism of information systems • Allows two or more computers to communicate (Internet) • Utilizes standard protocols for IS communication

  15. Information Society Evolution Informational Industrial Agricultural (1960’s to Present) (1890’s to 1960’s) (Prior to 1890’s)

  16. Information Society Evolution: Terms and Issues Knowledge Worker 1960 2000 • Knowledge Worker (Peter Drucker 1959) • ____________ s that create, modify and/or synthesize information as a fundamental part of their job • They will require higher ____________ levels and received higher compensation than workers in agriculture or manufacturing • At least ____________ of all workers in Canada are knowledge workers

  17. Information Society 1960 2000 • New Economy (Wired Magazine - Late 1990s) • Similar to “knowledge society” but more ____________ • Describes a society where people use their brains more than their hands in their work and personal lives • Where ____________ s technology and other IT systems will create ____________ competition for all products and services • Other names: Digital Economy, Network Era, Internet Era

  18. The New Economy (NE): Societal Perspectives • Perspective 1: Sims –Taylor • The new economy creates risks for ____________ • ____________ will be the first to be replaced by automation with information technology • Perspective 2: Rikfin • The over reliance on information technology has caused society to act ____________ • The result has been a loss of perspective • Perspective 3: THE DIGITAL DIVIDE • Those with ____________ to information technology have great ____________ over those that don’t • IT access will further ____________ society

  19. Executive Roles in Information Technology • Manages External • Stakeholder Relationships • Sets Strategic Direction • Defines High Level IT • Needs for the Future CEO Chief Executive Officer COO Chief Operations Officer CFO Chief Financial Officer CIO Chief Information Officer • Manages Accounting & Finance • Forecasts Needs and Secures Financial Resources • Allocates Budget for IT Expenditures • Manages Operations • Allocates Resources • Primary Consumer of IT within the Organization

  20. Executive Roles in Information Technology CEO Chief Executive Officer COO Chief Operations Officer CFO Chief Financial Officer CIO Chief Information Officer • Manages IT Organization and Operations • Forecasts IT Needs from Business Strategy • Sets Direction for IT Architecture and Organization • Plans, Designs and Delivers IT throughout the firm

  21. Three Distinct Competencies of IS Professionals • ____________ • Knowledge of hardware, software, networking, and security • Most IS professionals are not deep technical experts but can direct/manage others with the required technical skills • ____________ • Understand the nature of business including process, management, social, and communication domains • Unique skills over those with only technical skills • ____________ • Knowledge of approaches and methods, also possess critical thinking and problem solving skills necessary to build and integrate large information systems • Unique skills over those with only technical skills

  22. IS Impact on Organizations: New Opportunities CRA creates a website and allows NETFILE New Website Activate NETFILE Implementation Results • ____________ ____________in forms distribution, hotline support, data entry from access to info/materials on the website and NETFILE • Allow for ____________ of resources to ____________ activities including conducting audits and resolving problems

  23. Levels of the Organization and Traditional Systems • Executive Information Systems • Management Information Systems • Transaction Processing Systems

  24. Traditional Information System Functions ____________ Processing Systems ____________ Information Systems ____________ Information Systems Decision Support Systems ________ Systems ________Area Information Systems Process day-to-day business event data in an organization (Operational level) Produce detailed information to help manage a firm or part of a firm (Managerial) Provide very high-level, aggregate information to support decisions (Executive) Provide analysis tools and databases to support quantitative decision making (Multiple) Mimic human expert in a particular area and provide answers or advice (Operational) Support the activities within a specific functional area of the firm (All)

  25. Other Information Systems - Not as Easy to Categorize Support a wide range of predefined, daily work activities of individuals or groups (e.g. MS Word) Enable people to communicate, collaborate, and coordinate with each other (e.g. email) Support the interaction between the firm and its customers (e.g. sales force automation or call center technology) Enable customers to buy goods and services from a firm’s website. (www.amazon.com) Support and integrate all facets of the business (e.g. planning, manufacturing, sales, etc.) Office Automation System ____________ System ____________ Relationship Management ____________ Commerce Enterprise Resource Planning _________

  26. IS Competitive Advantage Perspectives: Who is Right? • “________________________” - Carr 2003 • As IT becomes more pervasive, technology becomes more standardized and ubiquitous • The result is that the same technologies are available to all competitors in an industry • This produces no competitive advantage • “The Engine that Drives Success: The Best Companies have the Models Because they Have the Best IT Strategies” - Lundberg 2004 • Companies with bad business models fail regardless of IT systems or other capabilities • Companies with good business models use IT to execute successful business models and succeed

  27. Competitive Advantage: Dual Nature of Systems FedEx Customer Website versus Denver International Airport Baggage System IS that works (FedEx) IS gone wrong (DIA) Evaluation Factors Strategic in Nature Established Technology Capable Suppliers Structured Implementation Capable IS Support No No

  28. Organizational IT Roles • _________ IT Organization • Responsible for IT Planning • Coordinates implementations • Establishes organization’s IT methods and standards • _________ Unit Support • Liaison between Central IT and the Business Unit • Spends much time onsite at the Business Unit • Reports to both orgs • _________ Unit • Responsible for determining IS business requirements • Supply budget and personal resources for implementations

  29. The Future of Information Systems: Trends • _________ _________(Old School IS) • Large backlogs of user requests…very poor service • Arrogance and feeling of ownership and control of IT • Can’t do attitude…told users why they couldn’t do things • Resulted in a very poor relationship with users T H E N • Business managers became _________ savvy • Systems _________ and became easier to develop • Business organizations developed their own systems • __________________________ ____(New School IS) • IS is taking on an IT consulting role • “Service Mentality”…users are customers to be served • Proactively support and problem solve for their customers • Fundamentally believe that customers own the technology

  30. IS Role in Change: Trends and Terms • _________ _________ _________ • Reducing organizational headcount to meet the financial goals of the organization • IS is viewed as the lever to provide the systems necessary to increase productivity • _________ • Transferring business functions outside the organization to increase service levels and/or reduce operating cost • IS is not immune to this trend. Certain commodity IS technical jobs will be increasingly transferred overseas • IS must find better methods to manage offshore work

  31. The Future for IS IS needs will continue to grow _________ developments advance _________ for success include: continuous learning and growth, finding new ways to add value, flexibility, and developing unique skills Although _________ will continue, there will be strong demand for IS professionals There is a need for _________that can speak the language of _________and business and the _________ to manage projects and people

  32. Edible Arrangements

  33. S1--Passwords & Password Etiquette

  34. S1--Passwords & Password Etiquette cont.

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