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Medieval and Renaissance Music

Medieval and Renaissance Music. MOTET. LATIN WORDS A CAPPELLA (unaccompanied music) HARMONY MODAL (not major or minor but based on one of the seven modes) IRREGULAR METRES (follows the rhythm of the words) MELISMA (several notes to one syllable)

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Medieval and Renaissance Music

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  1. Medieval and Renaissance Music

  2. MOTET • LATIN WORDS • A CAPPELLA (unaccompanied music) • HARMONY • MODAL (not major or minor but based on one of the seven modes) • IRREGULAR METRES (follows the rhythm of the words) • MELISMA (several notes to one syllable) • POLYPHONIC (several parts sung at the same time) • Sacred hymn

  3. Medieval PeriodUp to 1450 • The earliest music we know. Much of the music was not written down. • Monophonic texture. • Use of modes (dorian, lydian, etc). • Pattern of the Latin words used as the rhythm.

  4. Medieval Music • During the Medieval period most music was not written down. Composers who did write their music down usually worked for the Catholic Church.  The Church could afford to buy the materials the composers would need to write music.  People outside the Church were too poor to buy what was needed to compose music.   • Music notation appeared around the year 900, but it only showed the pitch.  It didn't tell you anything about the rhythm.  A few hundred years would passbefore the notes showed the rhythm.

  5. Pope Gregory I • As music became more complicated, someone needed to make up some rules for writing down music.  That person was Pope Gregory I. • Pope Gregory ldeclared that music be standardized.  That means that musicians and composers had to use the same rules when writing and performing their music.   This music can still be heard today.  It is called Gregorian chant.

  6. Plainchant Also known as Plainsong and Gregorian chant. Unaccompanied melody set to words of the Roman Catholic liturgy, such as the Mass. Plainchants are modal and have no regular metre. They follow the rhythm of the Latin words. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iN7lT7ojVl0

  7. The Renaissance Period1400-1600

  8. The Renaissance Period1450-1600 • Renaissance means rebirth. This period saw a rebirth in knowledge. Science and the arts were becoming more important. • Christopher Columbus discovered America, Michelangelo was painting the Sistine Chapel, William Shakespeare was writing plays and Leonardo da Vinci was making great advancements in art, music and science. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cy2Dg-ncWoY

  9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmiEJzp-iYM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jm_7hEUHMpc&feature=related

  10. Characteristics of the Period • Polyphony– voice parts were given equal importance and share the melody. • Imitative polyphony. • A cappella singing. • Growth of instrumental, dance and secular music. • Antiphonal effects. • Development of musical harmony and use of cadences.

  11. Antiphonal • Music for more than one choir/group. One side answers phrases from the other side with rich, powerful effects produced when they combine. • Originates from Venice using contrasting textures – chordal and imitation, blend and contrast. • Contrasts between groups – high and low, loud and soft dynamics, solo and groups, bright and dark timbres (tone colours) • Fills the entire space of a Cathedral and so completes man’s visual and aural depiction of Heaven on earth.

  12. Sacred Music

  13. Mass The Roman Catholic service of the Mass has had A great influence on the development of music. High mass (Missa Solemnis) has 5 passages of Plainsong (the proper of the Mass) and 5 extended passages (the Ordinary of the Mass)which are often set in an elaborate choral way. The ‘Ordinary’ is the Section referred to as the Mass in a musical sense.

  14. Mass Features of the Mass include Latin text and polyphonic texture, and it is usually sung a cappella. Originally used in church worship, but in later years became a large-scale work for chorus, soloists and orchestra. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRsDgtqtx5Q http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcKasCiX26Y

  15. 5 Main Sections of the Mass • Kyrie – Lord Have Mercy • Gloria – Glory be to God on High • Credo – I believe • Sanctus - Holy, holy (often include the Benedictus) • Agnus Dei – Lamb of God A special setting is the Requiem (Mass for the dead). Think – ‘King George Cuts Sandwiches Buttering Always.’

  16. Motet A sacred choral work with Latin text and Contrapuntal (polyphonic) texture. It was usually sung a cappella. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgKLIMIhh1c

  17. Anthem Similar to the Motet but sung in English. A Verse Anthem includes the organ and is written for soloists with sections for full choir.

  18. Secular Music

  19. Madrigal A non-religious work, polyphonic in style, using imitation. Features of madrigal include text in English, use of word painting, through- composed music, usually sung a cappella. Listen to the word painting in John Farmer’s Fair Phyllis: • ‘Fair Phyllis I saw sitting all alone’ – sung by a solo soprano before the another three voices complete the quartet. • ‘Up and down’ – the pitches give the illusion of moving ‘up and down.’ The music has an irregular metre moving between simple and compound time.

  20. Ayre • An ayre (air or song) is a madrigal which can be performed by a solo voice with lute accompaniment; by solo voice accompanied by other instruments; or with all parts sung by voices with or without accompaniment.

  21. Ballett A type of madrigal in strophic form which was originally danced to. It features a fa- la-la refrain at the end of each verse.

  22. Instruments of the Renaissance Period Consort of viols

  23. Lute Rebec

  24. Woodwind Instruments Rackett – double reed bass instrument Crumhorn – double reed, range of just over an octave Cornett – similar to a recorder but played with a trumpet-like mouthpiece.

  25. Recorders

  26. Virginal Clavichord

  27. The Pavan A Renaissance court dance linked with the Galliard. The pavan is slow and stately with two beats in the bar.

  28. Galliard A Renaissance court dance which follows the Pavan. A galliard is quick and lively with three beats in a bar.

  29. Other Concepts...

  30. Word Painting The music is used to describe the words. Listen to As Vesta was from Latmos Hill by Thomas Weelkes. Listen to how word painting is achieved on the following phrases: ‘Running down amain’ – descending scales ‘Two by two’ – two voices ‘Three by three’ – three voices

  31. Melisma A melodious flourish of notes sung to a single syllable.

  32. Texture Monophonic Homophonic Contrapuntal (polyphonic) Antiphonal Imitation Canon Continuous Texture

  33. Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes to describe what you hear: Monophonic Antiphonal Homophonic Strophic Gregorian Chant Credo Madrigal

  34. Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes to describe what you hear: Ballett Antiphonal Motet Strophic Madrigal Proper Mass Through composed

  35. Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear: Kyrie Anacrusis Motet Melisma Diminution Antiphonal Augmentation

  36. Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear: Imitation Syllabic Anthem Contrapuntal Madrigal Agnus Dei Verse Anthem

  37. Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear: Ayre Consort of viols Contrapuntal Consort of recorders Modal Word painting Homophonic

  38. Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear: Ayre Madrigal Madrigal Motet Word Painting Change from simple to compound Change from time compound to simple time

  39. Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes to describe what you hear: Antiphonal Compound time Pavan Galliard Overture Viols Ballett

  40. Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear: Trill Galliard Ballett Pavan Rebec Lute Virginal

  41. Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear: Lute Word Painting Motet Imitation Ayre Homophonic Madrigal

  42. Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes to describe what you hear: Trill Through composed Ballett Consort Homophonic Strophic Augmentation

  43. Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear: Galliard Motet Crumhorn Contrapuntal Homophonic Consort of recorders Consort of viols

  44. Listen to the following excerpt and tick three Boxes to describe what you hear: A cappella Mass Strophic Melisma Rebec Madrigal Diminution

  45. Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear: Anthem Madgrial Motet Imitation Verse Anthem Sanctus Benedictus Through Composed

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