A) Novel: Definition Purpose. B) 18 th C- Novel: Historical & Cultural Background

1. The rise of the novel coincides with the rise of the middle class in Western Europe in the 18th C. Elaborate on that.

2. A) Novel: • Definition • Purpose. • B) 18th C- Novel: • Historical & Cultural Background • Rise of the Middle class+ Realism • Middle class novelists • Influence of current thoughts • C) Defoe’s Novel: • Author (autobiographical novel) • Source of the Novel: Alexander Sekrik • Synopsis (shipwreck- landing on island-adapting) • Character of Crusoe • Theme of the Novel • Characteristics of Defoe’s Novel as an 18th Century novel.

3. Define realism as an aesthetic mode in literary forms. Support your answer with one example at least.

4. What distinguish the novel in the 18th C is its realistic treatment of life and manners. Define realism as an aesthetic mode in literary forms. Support your answer with one example at least.

5. There are many characteristics that distinguish Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe as an Eighteenth Century novel. Mention some of these characteristics.

6. P.80: • These lines are taken from Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe which was written in the Eighteenth Century. • The new-grown barley and corn on the island, which Crusoe calls a “prodigy of Nature” (Defoe 80), is really symbolic of the spiritual and emotional growth that is taking place within himself. These grains were a main source of food for Crusoe. It is at this time in the book that Crusoe realizes that he can be dependent upon himself in order to survive. This is also the time in which he realizes that his “misfortune” of becoming stranded on an island is really a blessing for all of his party was dead.

7. Many scenes illustrates the dramatic change in character that has taken place within Crusoe over the course of his “adventure”. • The island itself has symbolic significance because it is the physical means which changed Crusoe to stop wandering. The confinement found on the island is what is mostly responsible for the growth in which took place within Crusoe. It was this solitude that essentially changed his whole psyche and made him less of a wanderer, both spiritually and physically, for he found faith in God and no longer was able to aimlessly stray due to the confinement on the island.