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Egyptian Environmental Integrated Risk Management System

Egyptian Environmental Integrated Risk Management System. Introduction.

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Egyptian Environmental Integrated Risk Management System

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  1. Egyptian Environmental Integrated Risk Management System

  2. Introduction Recent events raised the issue of safety and emergency preparedness for all people in the country. These events included those, which are naturally occurring, such as earthquake or floods. They also included industry-related events that cause serious damage to the environment and loss of the life and property.

  3. Hazardous Substances: • Substances having dangerous properties which are hazardous to human health, or which adversely affect the environment, • such as: contagious, toxic, explosive

  4. CLASS 1 (EXPLOSIVE) Liable to detonation under appropriate circumstances such as fire or shock. Usually stable if not involved in fire or not moved. Do not handle unless trained and equipped. Division 1.1 - Mass Explosion Hazard, Division 1.2 - Explosion Hazard with Fragmentation, Division 1.3 - Radiant Heat and/or violent burning Hazard, no blast Hazard, Division 1.4 - Small Hazard of Ignition or Initiation during Transport, Division 1.5 - Mass Explosion Hazard but very insensitive, Division 1.6 - Extremely intsensitive with no mass explosion hazard.

  5. CLASS 2 (FLAMMABLE, NON- FLAMMABLE, POISON GAS) CLASS 2, DIVISION 2.1 (FLAMMABLE GAS) Compressed gasses which are flammable. May also be toxic or corrosive. Vapours may travel considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back to the source. Many of these gasses are heavier than air and will tend to spread close to ground level. Examples: Propane, Butane and welding gasses such as Acetylene. CLASS 2, DIVISION 2.2 (NON-FLAMMABLE GAS) Compressed gasses which are not flammable. May also be corrosive or toxic. These gasses may suffocate by oxygen displacement. While not flammable, some of these gasses may support and even accelerate a fire. High-pressure containers can rocket or throw shrapnel if exposed to fire or ruptured. Examples: Anhydrous Ammonia, Compressed Air, Nitrogen, Argon, Carbon Dioxide. CLASS 2, DIVISION 2.3 (POISON GAS) Extremely toxic compressed gas or high vapour pressure liquid. Even low level exposure to vapour or fumes may result in serious injury or death. May be flammable and/or corrosive as well. Examples: Chlorine, Hydrocyaniac Acid, Phosgene, Ethylene Oxide.

  6. CLASS 3 (FLAMMABLE and COMBUSTIBLELIQUIDS) One of the most common hazardous materials classifications including gasoline, some alcohol, paints, thinners, etc. May be toxic and corrosive as well. Flammable liquids evolve vapours which will generally ignite readily when exposed to an ignition source. Some of these vapours may be harmful. Combustible liquids will burn but require some effort to ignite. They do not meet the criteria for any other hazard class (except Class 9) and range from paint thinners to heating oils. They are not regulated in shipping containers of 110 (417 liters) gallons or less.

  7. CLASS 4 (FLAMMABLE SOLIDS) This class includes materials which are FLAMMABLE SOLIDS (Division 4.1), SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL and PYROPHORIC LIQUIDS (Division 4.2), and DANGEROUS WHEN WET (Division 4.3). These materials are liable through friction, contact with air, water or by self heating, to ignite and burn with great intensity or produce flammable gasses. Many are toxic if taken internally such as through contaminated food, contaminated cigarettes, or water. Usually highly reactive and if involved in a fire may burst their containers. Examples: Phosphorus, Sodium Metal, Calcium Carbide. CLASS 5 (OXIDISERS AND ORGANIC PEROXIDES) Very reactive with wood, oils, fuels, paper, or any organic material, to generate heat, ignite or explode. Will promote and accelerate fires to the point of possible explosion. Will react with skin and clothing. Usually does not present a vapour hazard unless reacting or involved in a fire. May decompose explosively upon heating or contamination. Examples: Hydrogen Peroxide, Potassium Permanganate, Ammonium Perchlorate, Dry Chlorine for swimming pools, Some fertilisers.

  8. CLASS 6 (POISONOUS MATERIAL) Toxic liquids or solids. Not highly flammable, but may be mixed in oil carriers. Not severely corrosive. Primarily toxic by skin contact or ingestion. May be toxic by inhalation of vapours or dust if dust is airborne or material is on fire. May be extremely poisonous and if exposure occurs death may result very quickly. Examples: Arsenic, Sodium Cyanide, Strychnine and many pesticides.

  9. CLASS 7 (RADIOACTIVE) Emits harmful radiation which cannot be detected without specialised instruments. High level materials are packed in such strong packages that leakage in a very low possibility. Medical materials are often shipped in small lead vessels. Low level wastes include debris contaminated with small amount of radioactive material. These included such items as clothing, paper, tools, etc. Do not handle these materials or handle broken packages.

  10. CLASS 8 (CORROSIVE) Acids or bases which may be in liquid or solid form. they will attack a variety of metals and will produce severe damage to skin or other tissues on contact. May react with other materials such as water to evolve heat and gasses. In a violent reaction, acids or bases may produce a large volume of corrosive vapours which may spread a considerable distance. Examples: Hydrochloric Acid, Sulphuric Acid, and Caustic Soda.

  11. CLASS 9 (Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials) Materials which do not fit another hazard class such as those which have an anaesthetic, noxious, or other similar property which could affect a flight crew: or hazardous substances or hazardous wastes which do not meet the definition of another hazard class or division. Examples: Acetaldehyde Ammonia, PCB’s Sodium Chromate.

  12. Air pollution Landscape disturbance Ozone-depleting and greenhouse gases Exposure to toxic chemicals Habitat degradation Waste dumping Spills Risks Nuisances: noise, lighting/transport Marine pollution Water pollution Soil contamination Groundwater contamination Industry

  13. 1999 Mont Blanc Tunnel, Truckload of edible oil caught fire: 39 died

  14. 1998 Nigeria Explosion at a leaking fuel pipeline: 625 died Repeated in the meantime 2 times!!

  15. Explosion Earthquake Flooding Transport accident Toxic Release • Threatening • Live • Health of people • Environment • Property Landslide Fire Emissions from nuclear power plants Oil spill Storm / hurricane Forestfire Tailings dam failure Disasters do occur!

  16. Illegal operations? (media reports) (storage volumes, nature of products stored and handled) Company Fireworks • Consciously running a high risk • Unsafe practices • No risk communication (community, local government) • Typical risks were not taken into account : Fire, water, flashes • Inadequately insured

  17. Community: • Completely unaware of the hazardous installation; • Unprepared; • Many lost everything; • Trauma, health damages, loss of family members and neighbours, loss of property.

  18. Authorised operation (handling of explosives next to residential areas) Local Government: • Safety standards?? • Lack of control • Information policy inadequate

  19. Legal Framework: • Law 4/94 • ILO Convension • Agemda 21, chapter 19 • Appell Program

  20. From the result and the consequence of an analysis of major disasters in the past EEIRMS

  21. EEIRMS Strategy for:- • Preparedness • Efficient Emergency Response Planning • Risk Reduction • Mitigation • Disaster Prevention

  22. Project AIM: The Promotion of a Sound Management System to: Create and/ or increase public awareness of possible hazards within a community; Stimulate the development of co-operative plans to respond to any emergency that might occur; Encourage prevention of accident.

  23. Risk Communication Toxic Assessment Risk Assessment Risk Charachterization Exposure- dose Assessment Risk Management Hazard Identification Methodology

  24. Egyptian Environmental Integrated Risk Management System Industry SYSTEM PROCESS Community Local Government

  25. Risk Assessment Procedure: • Inventory (Listing of objects) • Identification of hazards • Evaluation • Classification • Ranking

  26. Risk Assessment Risk type Threatened object Consequences Object Operation Hazard 6 5 2 3 4 1 Object Operation Hazard Risk- Threatened Conse- (quantity)type object quences Identification Evaluation

  27. Risk Assessment Seriousness Probability Priority Comments 13 7 8 9 10 11 12 L E P S Classsification Ranking Life Property Environment Speed 7 9 8 10

  28. Risk Assessment Seriousness Probability Priority Comments 13 7 8 9 10 11 12 L E P S Classsification Ranking To lifes Life Property Environment Speed 7 9 8 10

  29. Risk Assessment Seriousness Probability Priority Comments 13 7 8 9 10 11 12 L E P S Classsification Ranking Life Property Environment Speed 7 9 Environment 8 10

  30. Classification Consequences for the environment: • Class 1 = unimportant no contamination, localised effects • Class 2 = limited simple contamination, localised effects • Class 3 = serious simple contamination, widespread effects • Class 4 = very serious heavy contamination • Class 5 = catastrophic very heavy contamination, widespread effects

  31. Risk Assessment Seriousness Probability Priority Comments 13 7 8 9 10 11 12 L E P S Classsification Ranking Priority Life Property Environment Speed 7 9 8 10

  32. Classification Ranking: Ranking: • Estimate the probability of an accident to occur • Estimate the probability of an accident to occur • Weigh up the various consequence classes , • Weigh up the various consequence classes , arriving at a classification of each hazard arriving at a classification of each hazard • Classify the threats in the order : • Classify the threats in the order : - people , - people , - environment , - environment , - property - property • Give the risk object an overall class based on the • Give the risk object an overall class based on the risk matrix risk matrix

  33. Classification Consequences for property • Class 1 = unimportant < 0.5 Million US$ • Class 2 = limited 0,5 - 1 Million US$ • Class 3 = serious 1 - 5 Million US$ • Class 4 = very serious 5 - 20 Million US$ • Class 5 = catastrophic > 20 Million US$

  34. Risk Assessment Seriousness Probability Priority Comments 13 7 8 9 10 11 12 L E P S Classsification Ranking Life Property Environment Speed 7 9 Speed 8 10

  35. Classification Speed of development • Class 1 = easy and clear warning, localised effects, no damage • Class 2 • Class 3 = Medium speed, spreading, some damage • Class 4 • Class 5 = No warning, not recognisable until the effects are fully developed / immediate effects (explosion)

  36. A B C D E Very probableMore than once a year 5 4 Once in 1 - 10years Quite probableOnce per 10 to 100 years 3 Once per 100 to 1000 years 2 Improbable Less than once per 1000 years 1 Unimportant LimitedSeriousVery seriousCatastrophic Risk Assessment Probability INCREASE Consequences

  37. Filling station Storage tanks Storage of LPG cylinders

  38. Enschede, 13 May 2000 • 18 people killed STATISTICS • 947 injured • 2 missing • Destruction: • Entire factory • 400 houses • More than 1000 damaged

  39. 600 people • 1 400 houses • Entire factory Risk Assessment 6 5 2 3 4 1 Object Operation Hazard Risk- Threatened Conse- (quantity) type object quences Fireworks factory Storage and handling of explosives Up to 100 tons Catastrophic Explosion Identification Evaluation

  40. Risk Assessment Seriousness Probability Priority Comments 13 7 8 9 10 11 12 L E P S D B E D D 1 Very critical, or unacceptable Life Property Environment Speed 7 9 Evaluation 8 10

  41. 5 4 3 2 1 Risk Assessment A B C D E Probability Very probableMore than once a year Once in 1 - 10years Quite probableOnce per 10 to 100 years Once per 100 to 1000 years Improbable Less than once per 1000 years Consequences Unimportant LimitedSeriousVery seriousCatastrophic

  42. Disasters: General observations • The negative impact is unacceptably high and could have been limited, if... • Hardly anybody had ever expected, that such an incident could occurre at all; • Accidents and disasters could have been prevented; • People are too often unaware of risk exposure, left alone and helpless; people suffer- unnecessarily !!!!

  43. Citizens have the right to know, • if hazardous materials present a threat, • if they could be exposed to an avalanche or a landslide, • if …. There are changes... • Citizens need to understand the possible impact • Citizens need to be informed about emergency plans and actions required in case of an emergency, and to have the capability for self protection • Citizens should know, understand and practise the local emergency response plan

  44. There is an increase in • “Right-to-know” regulations world-wide - in particular in connection with environment and safety • Demand for information generated by public concern about exposures to hazards • Information by the media on health, safety and environmental issues • Mistrust in risk management • Public demand to participate in all phases of risk assessment and risk management as a full partner

  45. Risk communication From:  RIGHT TO KNOW to: HUMAN RIGHT

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