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Census of Marine Life: Climate change, ecosystems, and biodiversity

Census of Marine Life: Climate change, ecosystems, and biodiversity. Proposed Activities for SCOR Technology Panel 2008-2010 . Dr Alex David Rogers, Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London (Alex.Rogers@ioz.ac.uk). Panel activities to date.

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Census of Marine Life: Climate change, ecosystems, and biodiversity

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  1. Census of Marine Life: Climate change, ecosystems, and biodiversity Proposed Activities for SCOR Technology Panel 2008-2010. Dr Alex David Rogers, Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London (Alex.Rogers@ioz.ac.uk)

  2. Panel activities to date • Liason with CoML research projects related to technology issues • Review of all CoML project renewal proposals • Review of the CoML methodologies document • Annual panel meetings with representatives from projects • Special session at Techno-Ocean 2006 • Special workshop on geo-location of animal tags (resulted in Report and summary papers submitted)

  3. The changing ocean Nellemann, C., Hain, S., and Alder, J. (Eds). February 2008. In Dead Water – Merging of climate change with pollution, over-harvest, and infestations in the world’s fishing grounds. United Nations Environment Programme, GRID-Arendal, Norway, www.grida.no

  4. The oceans are part of the Earth System

  5. Global integrated ecosystem assessments • Most are focused on coastal or shallow-water ecosystems • Emphasis on fisheries and in some cases processes affecting cycling of major nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus) • Very broad in geographic scale and thematic scope • Limitations of existing marine datasets

  6. Step change in knowledge of marine ecosystems • Marine biologists have traditionally concentrated on small-scale experimentally tractable systems • Climate change means that we need an understanding of biological processes at the ocean basin scale on short to long timescales • Requires a massive change in approaches and technology (CoML is achieving this)

  7. Proposed activities 2008-2010 • Cross-project syntheses (book / special issue journal) • Workshop on ocean biological observatories • Geolocation of tagged animals • Panel website Synthesis – Technological Legacy

  8. Cross-project synthesis(Making the Oceans Transparent) • Based on technologies e.g. acoustics, optical appraoches, AUVs, image analysis,electronic tags, DNA- barcoding • Technology synthesis meeting – end 2008 • Participants will be drawn from CoML projects • Each technology will generate a cross-cutting paper or chapter (Special Issue or Book?) • Also paper targeted at public on website • Gap identification and horizon-scanning in relation to large-scale ocean science programmes and global assessments

  9. Tagging and tracking • New data on habitat use by marine animals • Distribution of marine animals in relation to the dynamic ocean (what areas/features are important to biology) • Animals as ocean observers • Identification of potential / actual interactions between animals and human activities (e.g. fishing)

  10. V9 - 2y program V9 - >4 mo life V7 - >4 mo life V6 - pre-production Acoustic Tag Technology salmon smolt green sturgeon VEMCO R-code Acoustic Tags talk to receivers on the seabed

  11. Accelerating the Development and Testing of Novel TAGS: SRDL to GPS, CTD CTD GPS

  12. Tagging to understand continental shelf migrations “POST” system; Lines of receivers create coastal “curtains” across shelf Tagged animal crosses curtain and the occurrence is recorded in receiver

  13. Tagging to understand open ocean migrations Longest animal migration distance ever recorded electronicallyOver 60,000 miles per year 19 sooty shearwaters 262 days Overlapping tracks from 12 species Top Predators: TOPP

  14. Temperature 22 0 Animal Oceanographers Northern Elephant Seals Some animals dive 1000m 7 seals tracked during 2-3 month summer feeding migrations

  15. Tagging • Follow-up on recommendations by the 2007 workshop • Further workshops / meetings / meeting sessions on this topic (2010) • Final paper to document panels work on this topic (Gunn, Block) • Integrate with specific synthesis projects - Animals as ocean sensors - Developing new tag technologies • Examine tagging technology in the light of GOOS and other global marine science / global assessment programmes.

  16. Tagging meeting proposals • Animals as Ocean Observers - Deliver animal-collected data to a synthetic portal. - Integration of data across EUTOPIA, POST, TOPP. • Developing New Tagging Technologies - Two workshops to develop new integrated tags using satellite and archival tags and acoustic technology. - Brings in industry.

  17. GOOS – The challenge • To which of the 6 societal goals/benefits of GOOS are CoML programs most applicable? • Improve the safety and efficiency of marine operations • More effectively control and mitigate the effects of natural hazards • Improve the capacity to detect and predict the effects of global climate change on coastal ecosystems • Reduce public health risks • More effectively protect and restore healthy ecosystems • Restore and sustain living marine resources

  18. Current network of GOOS monitoring activities

  19. Ocean Tracking Network Ocean Tracking Network (OTN) links acoustic and archival technologies of shelf (POST) and open ocean (TOPP) In 5 years could be global, seamless Globally shared software & database, integrated with GOOS biological & physical data

  20. Benefit of merging datasets • Argo • higher accuracy • higher vertical resolution • every 10 days • freely drifting • 2000 dbar • Animals • higher temporal resolution (daily) • higher spatial resolution (<50km) • along animal migrations • up to 2000 dbar * 2004 * 2005

  21. Near real time data collection (Now-casting) TOPP website serves positions on 150 top predators daily

  22. What other biological parameters should GOOS be monitoring? • Molecular technologies - Harmful marine algae - Microbial communities • Intertidal surveys (through Regional Alliances) - Changes in species presence / abundance - Occurrence of invasives • Indicators within marine communities - Plankton communities (SAHFOS) • Acoustic monitoring - Diurnal plankton migration - Cetaceans • Physical measurements - Oxygen - pH AND MANY MORE…..,.

  23. The Website…… • Some existing funds left and will be used to get website back up and running (1 month) • To be redesigned by CoML E&O team at the University of Rhode Island • Content will be enhanced through input associated with the synthesis activities • Specific documents targeted at public / policy makers • Will contain existing information on technologies with key references and links

  24. Timetable • July, 2008 Formation of new panel • August, 2008 Agree time and venue for synthesis meeting • Nov/Dec 2008 Synthesis meeting • Aug 2009 Synthesis papers submitted • September 2009 Workshop on ocean biology observatories • Early 2010 Follow up workshop on tagging • October 2010 – CoML finale.

  25. Referees comments • Panel composition • Outreach scientists • Outreach industry • Linkage to other synthesis activities

  26. Acknowledgements • SCOR (Ed Urban) • The Technology Panel (Geoff Arnold,Elgar de Sa, David Farmer, Gaby Gorsky, John Gunn, Antonio Pascoal, Heidi Sosik, Song Sun, Bob Ward) • Also Barbara Block, Dan Costa, Lew Incze

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