Joint Stock Company, Scientific and Technical Enterprise “Radiy” , Moscow, Russia

1. New Sorption and Combined Sorption-Membrane Technologies for Water Purification and Fresh Water Preparing

2. Joint Stock Company, Scientific and Technical Enterprise “Radiy” , Moscow, Russia In collaboration with: V. I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Scientifical and Technologial Company "New Chemistry", Ltd Chasovaya ul.,28, 125057, Moscow, Russia Tel. +7(495)151-15-21, Fax. +7(495)152-69-14 Ralph T. Niemeyer, Director Int’l. Dept. E-mail: niemeyer@radiy-niod.ru

3. OUTLINE • Technological experience in the field of water and wastewater treatment • New sorption materials and technologies for water treatment. • Combined sorption-membrane processes • Actual Examples for Collaboration

4. 1. Technological experience in the field of water and wastewater treatment

5. MOBILE PLANTS “WATERFALL” OF CONTAINER TYPE Sorption and Filtration More than 30 units are now in operation in remote regions of Russia

6. The units of different scales for HIGH QUALITY WATER PREPARING FROM SALINE WATERS Reverse Osmosis

7. PILOT PLANT FOR SEAWATER PROCESSING RUSSIA, Okhotskoe Sea 5 m3/h K, Rb, Sr, Li, U Khamizov R, Muraviev D, Warshawsky A, Recovery of Valuable Mineral Components from Seawater, Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction. A Series of Advances, Marcel -Dekker, Inc., New York, 1996, P.93-148

8. Water and Minerals from Sea A pilot unit for seawater waste-free processing through “Zero-Discharge” technology. Was awarded the Gold Medal at the exhibition in Brussels Eureka Was demonstrated in operation at the exhibition WETECh –2008 (Dubai) and tested in long-term operation at real desalination plant (Ajman, UAE) Now the first industrial plant is under construction in UAE (Dubai Silicon Valley)

9. 2.New sorption materials and technologies for water treatment Natural sorption materials and chemically modified natural materials and nanomaterials: alumosilicates (zeolites), magnesium and iron silicates (serpentinites)

10. Natural sorption nano-materials Serpentine minerals (Mg,Fe)6[Si4O10](OH)6 с примесями Fe3O4, Cr2O3, NiO, MnO, CoO, СаО, Al2O3Основа - (MgOH)2SiO3 Elementery fibers of serpentine are hollow inside. Inside diamiter equals 13nm and the outide 26nm(Дж.Е.Джирард, Основы химии окружающей среды, М.»Физматлит»,2008, 640 с.)

11. 11 Scanning the serpentinite surface (specially prepared ) with Atomic Force Microscope Scan area: horizontal - 160 x 160 nm; vertical - 10 nm; black - "depression“; white - "top“.

12. Activated serpentinites New Sorption Materials «SKOV» Patent of Russian Federation: 2316479. European Patent Application (WiPO) : WO/2007/111531 Based on: natural hydrocilicatemagnisian. «Radiy» holds a mining licence for 50million tuns of the mineral. Worlds best known matirial for removing metal. Similtniasly cleans water from metal, manganese, color and heavy matels, arsenics, fluorine and bromine, and clear up the water. Independent test have been carried out in diferent countries Possesses by bactericidal properties

13. Results of independent tests

14. Removal of iron from brackish well water in cyclic processes: sorption-back washing. Initial Fe -content: 6.1 mg/l, TDS=4.9 g/l (Total mineralization). Sorption material - granulated SKOV, 1-1.5 mm of grain sizes Column bed: L = 350 mm, S= 2950 mm2 , BV = 1 liter. Independent tests performed by the "ECOSOFT" JSC, Kiev, Ukraine The sensitivity of the purification process to flow rate was checked. During the continuous passing initial water trough the sorption bed, the flow rate was kept 10 l/h, then, elevated two times, up to 20 l/h, and then, reduced back.

15. Decontamination of drinking water from arsenics Mounting spring water fro the North Caucasus region Initial As -content: 0.064 mg/l (64 g/l), TDS=0.43 g/l .

16. ARSENICS PROBLEM IN THE WORLD Natural arsenic pollution is a global phenomenon for 70 countries on all continents, except Antarctica,. In recent decades about 140 million people worldwide have been exposed to drinking water containing more than 10 μg/L of arsenic.” WHO's activities on arsenic In 1963 the standard was estimated to be 0.05 mg/L. In 1984, this was maintained as WHO's "Guideline Value"; and many countries have kept this as the national standard or as an interim target. According to the last edition of the WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality (1993): Inorganic arsenic is a documented human carcinogen. 0.01 mg/L was established as a provisional guideline value for arsenic. Based on health criteria, the guideline value for arsenic in drinking-water would be less than 0.01mg/L.

17. Plants for local water provision (Country houses, Cottages) и дач. Pроизводство в НПП «Радий» c 2009 г. a tipical machine with an aoutput of 240tuns in 24h for a chidrens summer camp in moscow region. Plants of different sizes for producing highly qualitative drinking water from contaminated undeground sources

18. INDUSTRIAL SCALE UNIT FOR WATER PURIFICATION 2000 м3/day (from underground water enriched with iron, fluoride and boron)

19. 3. Combined sorption-membrane processes

20. Illustration of the Main Idea by an Actual Example Argentina, Underground water

21. The component contents should be reduced:- Total Dissolved Salts (TDS) – in 1.4 times;- sulphates - in 2.5 times- fluorides – in 1,2 times- arsenic – in 10 times Standard technology, for example with the use of Reverse Osmosis (RO) with the productivity of 1 conventional unit Initial flow flow rate =1.00 By-pass flow rate = 0.11 Pure water 1.1 units Pretreatment RO Relation of flow rates (9 : 1) is chosen referring to the main (10-times) contaminator - As

22. Initial flow Flow rate =1.00 Bypass flow rate = 0.65 SCOV Pure water, 1.65 units RO Relation of flow rates (1.3 : 1) is chosen referring to minor (2.5-times) contaminator – Sulphates.`The productivity grows extremely. The component contents should be reduced:- Total Dissolved Salts (TDS) – in 1.4 times;- sulphates - in 2.5 times- fluorides – in 1,2 times- arsenic – in 10 times The distinction of our technology, also with the use of Reverse Osmosis (RO) with the productivity equal 1 unit, is in using SKOV for pretreatment for disironing andfor removal arsenic.

23. Demonstration pilot plant consisting of two modules for combined sorption-membrane technology Sorption module Membrane module

24. Technological flow chart for sorption upgrading module (for 65%) the existing standard RO plant

25. 4. Actual Examples For Collaboration

26. Acid mine water rising beneath the surface of South Africa's Witwatersrand area (300 ML\Day) Basin - the area into which water polluted by acid minedrainage (AMD) will flow naturally. The Witwatersrand Mining Basin covers an areaof 1600 km2 (see map below). Mine water being pumped from the EasternBasin

27. Chemical composition of acid mine drainages (mg/l) A Simple Example of Composition pH: from 2.7 to 3.5 TDS: from thousands ppm to tens of thousand ppm Uranium content: from 0.4 to 15 ppm Total dissolvedSolids2641, pH 3.3

28. 28 Pilot Plant for Treatment of Mine Waters and Radio-Active Waste Waters. Was Successfully Tested in ULBA Uranium Metallurgic Factory (Kazakhstan) at Natural Field Conditions. Membrane module (Reverse Osmosis and Electro-dialysis) Sorption module (One of the columns is loaded with Serpentinite (alkali rock material)

29. Composition of Waste Waters of Uranium Metallurgic Factory (Kazakhstan) Near Zero-Discharge technology was Elaborated which can be used for AMD from South Africa

30. River Water Iron (Fe) – 6 times exceeding Turbidity and Color should be also reduced Sorption technology with SKOV can be applied

31. House Keeping Water Nitrates (NO3) – 1.5 times exceeding Silica – 2 times exceeding Turbidity and Color should be also reduced Sorption-Membrane technology with SKOV and RO can be applied

32. Thank you very much for kind attention