Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution Bellringer

1. Beginnings of the Industrial RevolutionBellringer Why is the development of industry between 1750-1850 called a Revolution?

2. Today-Objective: The Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution • Analyze why life changed as industry spread. • Summarize how an agricultural revolution led to the growth of industry. • Outline the new technologies that helped trigger the Industrial Revolution. • Examine the movie Modern times as a satire on the Industrial Revolution • Test on Napoleon next class day • 25 questions-Use your notes

3. Industrial Revolution Enclosure movement –the process of taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers James Watt–Scottish engineer who improved the efficiency of the steam engine, making it the key source of power for the Industrial Revolution Factors of production Cottage industry Industrialization Jethro Tull Richard Arkwright James Watt Robert Fulton Terms and People

4. What events helped bring about the Industrial Revolution? For thousands of years following the rise of civilization, most people lived and worked in small farming villages. However, a chain of events in the mid-1700s changed that way of life. Today, we call this period of change the Industrial Revolution. From muscles To machines

5. The Industrial Revolution was the process by which production shifted from simple hand tools to complex machinery. The changes it brought affected people’s lives as much as any political revolution. But unlike a political revolution, it happened gradually. The Industrial Revolution began in Britain and spread around the world.

6. Several factors came together to give Great Britain an advantage • 1.Exploration & colonialism- colonies provided raw materials & a market for goods • 2.Seapower • 3.Political stability • 4.Government support- laws passed to favor businesses • 5.Growth of private investment-private businesses funded experiments for making better products

7. The Industrial Revolution influenced people’s daily lives. • Life After 1850 • People live and work in industrial towns or cities. • Most buy food and clothing made elsewhere. • They can travel by train or steamboat. • Life Before 1750 • People live in rural villages and work with their hands. • People grow their food or trade goods in the local market. • People travel by foot, horse, or sail.

8. These changes started in the farm fields of Europe. The Dutch The British • The Dutch built dikes and combined small fields to better use land. • They also experimented with fertilizer from livestock. • The British expanded on Dutch experiments. • They experimented with crop rotation and mixing different soils. • Jethro Tull invented a seed drill that planted seeds in rows rather than scattering them.

9. In the 1500s, landowners had enclosed land to pasture sheep and improve wool output. In the 1700s, with the help of legislation from Parliament, large landowners consolidated their farm holdings. Larger farms were more efficient, producing more food with less labor and cost. Enclosure movement greatly raised farm output.

10. Small landholders couldn’t compete, and unemployed farm laborers migrated to the growing cities for work. But land enclosure threw many poor farm workers off the land. These displaced farm workers provided a pool of labor to tend machines in the growing manufacturing cities.

11. Greater and more consistent food production reduced the risk of famine. A better diet and later improvements in hygiene, sanitation, and medical care improved health. This agricultural revolution contributed to a population explosion in Europe. 1700 1800 Britain 5,000,000 9,000,000 Europe 120,000,000 180,000,000

12. Britain’s Big Advantage • Factors of Production- elements that a country needs for economic success. Land(natural resources), labor(growing population) & capital (money for investment)

13. Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain • Why the Industrial Revolution Began in England • Industrialization—move to machine production of goods • Britain has natural resources—coal, iron, rivers, harbors • Expanding economy in Britain encourages investment • Britain has all needed factors of production—land, labor, capital

14. Textiles • Textiles & weaving were originally a cottage industry. • Craft occupation performed in the home • Old ways of cloth were transformed by industrialization. Process of changing to power-driven machinery

15. Inventions Spur Industrialization • Changes in the Textile Industry • Weavers work faster with flying shuttles and spinning jennies

16. Richard Arkwright • Invented the spinning frame, which spun stronger thinner thread. The thread was woven into fabric. Later called the Water frame

17. Inventions Spur Industrialization • Factories—buildings that contain machinery for manufacturing

18. Steam Powers the Revolution • Development of the Steam Engine • James Watt was a Scottish inventor who developed a critical innovation to make the steam engine fast, & better able to power machinery

19. Steamship • Robert Fulton became famous for developing a called the Claremont which operated on the Hudson River between New York City & Albany NY in 1807

20. The use of steam engines required coal • Great Britain had 80% of Europe's coal. • Many factories were built near coal mines

21. Industrialization Spreads • Industry Spreads to America • Samuel Slater a young millworker brings his knowledge of English textile industry to America

22. Next- Modern Times • Watch the movie & complete the worksheet while watching. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5McuCKIEGLc

23. In 1709 Abraham Darby found a way to smelt iron using coal instead of charcoal. The result was a less expensive and better-quality iron useful to make parts for steam engines. His son and grandson continued to perfect the process, which led to iron bridges and railroad tracks. New technology helped trigger changes.

24. In 1712 Thomas Newcomen invented a steam engine to pump water from mines. By the 1770s, James Watt made Newcomen’s engine more efficient. Watt’s engine became the power source to run factories, trains, and steamships. New sources of energy played a key role in the Industrial Revolution. During the 1700s, coal was harnessed to produce steam for power.

25. Over the next century, technology quickly changed people’s lives. • Pain could be reduced during surgery and other procedures. anesthetics • Messages could instantly be sent over long distances. telegraph sewing machine • Machines could stitch far faster than a seamstress. antiseptics • Reducing infections saved lives.