Essential Skills in the 21 st Century: A Call for Creativity and Creative Leadership

1. Oklahoma State University Institute for Creativity & Innovation Create, Innovate, Educate Essential Skills in the 21st Century: A Call for Creativity and Creative Leadership Gerard J. Puccio, Ph.D. International Center for Studies in Creativity Buffalo State - State University of New York

2. Alex OsbornA Famous New Yorker His dream… “To bring a more creative trend to American Education”

3. International Center for Studies in CreativityBuffalo State – State University of New York Fast Facts • Founded 1967 • Offer MS in Creativity • Certificate in Creativity and Change Leadership • Program for Distance Learners • Nearly 400 alumni

4. Objectives of Workshop • To highlight the importance of developing creativity and creative thinking in students • To challenge you to be creative leaders

5. Workshop Flow • Trends • A Close Look at Creativity • Creative Leadership • Strategies for deliberate creativity

6. Trends In Our World & Education

7. Trends 1. Exponential increase in speed of life altering change In the 2,000 years before 1800 - 10 technical/social inventions In the last 200 years, more than 25 life altering technical/social inventions Source: Henry (2001)

8. Trends 2. Shorter Product Life Cycles Manufactured products are subject to fundamental redesign every 5 to 10 years High-tech products every 6 to 12 months Source: Hunter & Schmidt (1996), Williams & Yang (1999)

9. Trends 3. Erosion of permanent/stable work life Students in school today can expect to change jobs more than 11 times between age 18 & 42. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2008

10. Trends 4. Changing Nature of Work In 1991 expenditures Related to knowledge age surpassed industrial age In 1900 less than 10% of US population worked in creative jobs In 2000 more than 30% of US population worked in creative jobs Source: Trilling & Fadel (2009); Florida (2002)

11. Welcome to the Innovation Age “After the age of efficiency in the 1950s and 1960s, quality in the 1970s and 1980s, and flexibility in the 1980s and 1990s, we now live in an age of innovation” (Janszen, 2000, p. 3). More than 70% of senior executives report that innovation is in their top three divers for growth. Source: McKinsey Quarterly (2008)

12. Trends 5. Exponential increase in content and its ubiquitous availability Content doubles every 18 months (Mehaffy, 2010) In 2006 YouTube posted 65,000 new videos every 24 hours. Today 2 billion videos are viewed per day. (Sources: Wikipedia & http://www.youtube.com/t/fact_sheet)

13. Trends Recommended Focus in Education: Response to 21st Century Trends

14. The Foundation Knowing how to learn Competence Reading, writing, and computation Communication Listening and oral communication Adaptability Creative thinking and problem solving Personal Management Self esteem, goal setting, motivation, personal and career development Group Effectiveness Interpersonal skills, negotiation, team work Influence Organizational effectiveness and leadership Workplace Basics Carnevale, A. P., Gainer, L. J., & Meltzer, A. S. (1990) Workplace basics.

15. Beyond Workplace 2000 Effective performance in the workplace beyond 2000 requires three foundational skills: • Basic Skills (Reading, writing, arithmetic and mathematics, speaking and listening) • Thinking Skills (Thinking creatively, making decisions, solving problems, seeing things in the mind’s eye, knowing how to learn, and reasoning) • Personal Qualities (Individual responsibility, self-esteem, sociability, self-management, and integrity). (Boyett & Boyett, 1994; based on SCANS report)

16. Workplace Skills for the New Millennium • Knowing more about the world • Thinking Outside the Box • Becoming smarter about new sources of information • Developing good people skills

17. 21st Century Skills:Learning for Life in Our Times • Learning and Innovation Skills • Critical thinking & Problem Solving • Communication & Collaboration • Creativity & Innovation • Digital Literacy Skills • Information Literacy • Media Literacy • Information & Communication Technologies • Career & Life Skills • Flexibility & Adaptability • Initiative & Self-Direction • Social & Cross-Cultural Interaction • Productivity & Accountability • Leadership & Responsibility Trilling & Fadel (2009)

18. The New Commission on Skills of the American Workforce “Creativity, innovation, and flexibility will not be the special province of an elite. It will be demanded of virtually everyone who is making a decent living, from graphic artists to assembly line workers, from insurance brokers to home builders.” Tough Choices or Tough Times (2008)

19. How well do schools prepare students to join today’s world?

20. “Most educational efforts emphasize convergent thinking, and therefore may do very little, if anything, for creative potential.” Runco (2007)

21. “Our schools, on the whole, are hostile to ideas. Too often, our tests ask students to come up with the one right answer, and the curriculum, pegged to the tests, penalizes the creative student rather than rewarding him or her for the unexpected but thoughtful – or even brilliant – response.” Tough Choices or Tough Times (2008)

22. Job Readiness Skills Source: Society for Human Resource Management (2009)

23. A Closer Look at Creativity

24. Creativity is... the ability to modify self-imposed constraints. Ackoff & Vergara (1988)

25. Creativity is an Ability Ability implies… • All people are creative • People vary in regard to their creative ability • Whatever your level of creative ability it can be enhanced

26. Recent CBS Telephone Poll Showed People Believe… • Creativity is inborn (53%) • Creativity can be taught (35%) • Both (7%) Source: CBS News Poll (January 10, 2010)

27. Classic Definitions Creativity is the production of original ideas that are made useful. Innovation is the successful introduction of new useful ideas. (Burnside, Amabile & Gryskiewicz, 1988)

28. A Formula for Creativity Creativity = fa (KxIxE) Knowledge Imagination Evaluation Attitude (i.e., Motivation)

29. CanCreativity be Taught & Enhanced

30. Does Creativity Training Work? “Perhaps the most clear-cut conclusion to emerge from this study is that creativity training is effective.” (p. 381) Scott, Leritz, & Mumford (2004)

31. Conclusions Regarding Effective Programs “Some support for these conclusions may be found in the more successful of the creativity training programs currently available…the Creative Problem Solving program begins by describing the key cognitive processes underlying creative thought. Subsequently, strategies for effectively applying these processes are described and illustrations of their application provided”. (p. 383) Scott, Leritz, & Mumford (2004)

32. Practicing Deliberate Creativity Qualities of deliberate practice: • Repetition • Feedback on results • Mentally demanding • Isn’t much fun Source: Colvin (2008).

33. A Look at Creative Leadership

34. Management and Leadership “Management is basically a process, the function of which is to produce consistent results on important dimensions...Leadership, by contrast, is a process whose function is change.” (Kotter, 1988)

35. IBM Global CEO Study2010 “CEOs told us they operate in a world that is substantially more volatile, uncertain and complex. Many shared the view that incremental changes are no longer sufficient in a world that is operating in fundamentally different ways.” (p. 8)

36. CEOs Experience with High Levels of Complexity 32 % increase

37. IBM Global CEO StudyPrimary Findings 4. Creativity is the most important leadership quality.

38. IBM Global CEO StudyCreative Leaders… Practice and encourage experimentation and innovation throughout their organisations. Make deep business model changes to realise strategies. Take calculated risks, finding new ideas and keep innovating in how they lead and innovate.

39. Leadership Performance: An Ability to Solve Complex Social Problems • Ill-defined: No single solution path – no right or wrong answer – thus allowing the problem to be defined in a number of ways. • Novel: Past experience and knowledge is not sufficient to resolve the present situation, adaptive responses are needed for new or changing situations. • Ambiguous: Gaps in information and/or a plethora of information of which only some is relevant.

40. CPS a Core Leadership Competency “The available evidence indicates that creative problem solving may indeed represent an important influence on leader performance” Mumford et al. (2000)

41. Enhancing Creative- Thinking Skills Through Deliberate Practice

42. Don’t Short Change Your Thinking:Quantity Leads to Quality • Scientists who have won the Nobel Prize publish, on average, 3.24 papers per year versus 1.48 by non-winners • Edison held 1,093 patents • Einstein had 248 publications • Mozart had well over 600 compositions • J.S. Bach had more than 1,000 compositions to his credit • Picasso completed more than 20,000 works (Simonton, 1984)

43. Creative Thinking: The Dynamic Balance between Divergence & Convergence Diverge Diverge Area of Familiarity Area of Discovery Area of Discovery Converge Converge Puccio, Murdock & Mance (2007)

44. Creative Problem SolvingAn introductionNielsen & Thurber (2010) based on the work of Puccio & Miller (2003)

45. The creative heartbeat

46. Creative Problem SolvingThe Basics Nielsen & Thurber (2010) based on the work of Puccio & Miller (2003).

47. The FourSight Model• universal & intuitive• research based• 4 distinct steps• unique thinking skills

48. 1. ClarifyIdentifying the challenge2. IdeateGenerating ideas3. DevelopBringing ideas to life4. ImplementGiving ideas legs

49. ClarifyIdentifying the challenge• define a goal• gather data• formulate the challengeWhen you clarify you use strategic thinking.

50. The definition of Strategic thinking the ability to sense the problem, identify the key issues, and seepaths that will move you toward a desired future.