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Ladders and Stairs

Ladders and Stairs. Hazards of ladders. Falls Slips Reaching too far Weather. 1a. Hazards of ladders. Oil or grease on a ladder Not secure Contact with electricity Objects that fall from ladders. 1b. Hazards of stairs. Clutter Slippery surfaces Damage. 1c. Hazards of stairs.

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Ladders and Stairs

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  1. Ladders and Stairs

  2. Hazards of ladders • Falls • Slips • Reaching too far • Weather 1a

  3. Hazards of ladders • Oil or grease on a ladder • Not secure • Contact with electricity • Objects that fall from ladders 1b

  4. Hazards of stairs • Clutter • Slippery surfaces • Damage 1c

  5. Hazards of stairs • Poor lighting • Unsafe work practices 1d

  6. OSHA regulations • General industry - 29 CFR 1910.24 through .27 • Construction - 29 CFR 1926 Subpart X 3a

  7. Terms used in general industry regulations • Ladder • Stepladder • Type 1 - Industrial stepladder • Type 2 - Commercial stepladder 4a

  8. Terms used in general industry regulations • Type 3 - Household stepladder • Single ladder • Extension ladder • Fixed ladder 4b

  9. Terms used in general industry regulations • Individual-rung ladder • Rail ladder • Cage • Well 4c

  10. Terms used in general industry regulations • Ladder safety device • Grab bars • Pitch 4d

  11. Terms used in construction regulations • Portable ladder • Fixed ladder • Individual-rung/step ladders • Job-made ladder 4e

  12. Terms used in construction regulations • Single-cleat ladder • Double cleat ladder • Step stool 4f

  13. Portable ladder specifications for general industry • Materials used in the construction • Length restrictions • Spacing between rungs/steps • Width between side rails 5a

  14. Portable ladder specifications for general industry • Non-skid • Limits on overlap of sections on extension ladders • Stepladder spreaders or locking devices 5b

  15. Portable ladder specifications for general industry • Materials used in the construction • Length restrictions • Spacing between rungs/steps • Width between side rails 6a

  16. Portable ladder specifications for general industry • Non-skid • Stepladder spreaders or locking devices • Load-carrying capacities 6b

  17. Portable ladder specifications for general industry • Materials used in the construction • Load limitations • Rungs and cleats • Spacing between rungs/steps 7a

  18. Portable ladder specifications for general industry • Length of rungs/steps • Clearance around the ladder • Use of cages, wells, landing platforms, ladder safety devices 7b

  19. Portable ladder specifications for general industry • Grab bars • Step-across distance to the landing • Pitch or angle of the ladder 7c

  20. Fixed ladder specifications for the construction industry • Load limitations • Side rails • Non-skid • Clearance around the ladder 8a

  21. Fixed ladder specifications for the construction industry • Use of cages, wells, ladder safety devices, self-retracting lifelines • Grab bars • Step-across distance to the landing 8b

  22. Fixed ladder specifications for the construction industry • Pitch or angle of the ladder 8c

  23. Safety devices for fixed ladders in construction • Safety devices/support systems must be capable of withstanding a drop test consisting of an 18-inch drop of a 500-pound weight • Safety device must be activated within 2 feet after a fall occurs 9a

  24. Safety devices for fixed ladders in construction • Safety device must limit the fall velocity of a worker to 7 feet/sec or less • Connection between the carrier/lifeline and the point of attachment to the harness must not exceed 9 inches 9b

  25. Safety devices for fixed ladders in construction • Employees must be able to use the device leaving both hands free for climbing 9c

  26. Ladder inspection • Inspect ladders frequently • Portable metal ladders must be inspected immediately if it tips over • Construction ladders are inspected by a competent person 10a

  27. Ladder inspection • Follow manufacturer’s guidelines for inspection • Include inspections in preventative maintenance schedules 10b

  28. Precautions for safe ladder use • Inspect the ladder for defects before using it • Select a ladder with adequate length and load limits • Do not use metal ladders near electrical lines 11a

  29. Precautions for safe ladder use • Use ladders for their intended purpose • Set up the ladder on a firm, solid surface • Keep ladders secured/barricaded 11b

  30. Precautions for safe ladder use • Keep areas around the top and bottom of the ladder clear • Open stepladders fully, and lock the spreaders • Set up straight ladders using the 4-to-1 rule 11c

  31. Precautions for safe ladder use • Face ladders when ascending/descending • Use both hands to grip the side rails whenever possible • Only one person on a ladder at a time 11d

  32. Precautions for safe ladder use • Don’t stand on the top 2 steps of a stepladder • Don’t stand on the top 4 rungs of a straight ladder • Never move a portable ladder with someone on it 11e

  33. Precautions for safe ladder use • Hoist material up to you when you’ve reached the top of the ladder • Work within the side rails • Store ladders in designated areas 11f

  34. Maintenance • Remove ladders with structural defects, corrosion, or defective parts from service • Tag ladders “Do Not Use” 12a

  35. Maintenance • Repair ladders to the original design • Have qualified personnel make repairs 12b

  36. Staying safe on stairs • Eliminate slippery conditions • Clean up spills • Keep free of ice and snow • Ensure proper lighting in stair areas 13a

  37. Staying safe on stairs • Use handrails • Always walk up and down stairs - don’t run 13b

  38. Staying safe on stairs • Make sure you can see over materials you are carrying on a stairway • Report unsafe conditions 13c

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