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Newton’s Second Law of Motion

Newton’s Second Law of Motion. Force and Acceleration. Force is a push or a pull acting on an object. Acceleration occurs when the VELOCITY of an object changes. Examples: Speed up Slow down Changes direction. Mass is the amount of matter in an object. Force and Acceleration.

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Newton’s Second Law of Motion

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  1. Newton’s Second Law of Motion

  2. Force and Acceleration • Force is a push or a pull acting on an object. • Acceleration occurs when the VELOCITY of an object changes. Examples: Speed up Slow down Changes direction • Mass is the amount of matter in an object.

  3. Force and Acceleration • Units of Force = Newtons (N) SI units for mass is kg SI units for acceleration is m/s2 1 Newton (N) = 1kg * m/s2

  4. Force and Acceleration • In this equation, a is the acceleration, m is the mass, and Fnet is the net (total) of all forces.

  5. Formula Practice A book with a mass of 2.0kg is pushed along a table. If the net force on the book is 1.0N, what is the book’s acceleration? Answer: .5m/s2

  6. Gravity & Weight • Gravity is the force of attraction that exists between any two objects that have mass. • The force of gravity depends on the mass of the objects and the distance between them.

  7. Gravity & Weight • Weight is a force, like the push of your hand is a force, and is measured in Newtons (N). • The force of gravity causes all objects near Earth’s surface to fall with an acceleration of 9.81 m/s². • Your weight on Earth is the gravitational force between you and Earth. • W= mg: w = weight, m = mass, g =gravity

  8. Gravity and Weight • How are weight and mass different? • Mass is the amount of matter in an object and Weight is the force of gravity acting on a Mass • Weight will vary with location, but mass will remain constant. • What does this mean?

  9. Newton’s 2nd Law • Newton’s Second Law states: an object acted upon by an unbalanced force will accelerate in the direction of the force. • If you kick the ball, it starts moving. • The ball accelerates only while your foot is in contact with the ball.

  10. Newton’s 2nd Law • Newton’s second law of motion can be used to calculate acceleration. • For example, suppose you pull a 10-kg sled so that the net force on the sled is 5 N. • The acceleration can be found as follows:

  11. Section Check Question 2 Your _______ on Earth is the gravitational force between you and Earth. A. acceleration B. inertia C. mass D. weight

  12. Forces and Direction • Fn: normal force - is applied perpendicular to the plane and stops an object from falling. • Fg: gravity – is applied down toward the center of the Earth • Ft: tension – occurs when an object is suspended from a rope or cable • Fsp: spring – occurs when an object is suspended from a spring and the spring is stretched or compressed. (pull vs push)

  13. Forces (Frictional) • Fs: static friction – occurs between 2 objects that stops 1 object from sliding. Opposes the direction of the slide and is parallel • Fk: kinetic friction – occurs between 2 objects that are sliding past each other (must be touching) • Far: air resistance occurs against a falling object. It’s direction is opposite the fall.

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