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The Power of the Church

The Power of the Church. Chapter 13 Section 4. Key Terms. Clergy Sacrament Canon law Holy Roman Empire Lay investiture. The Far-Reaching Authority of the Church. Crowning of Charlemagne Gave the church both spiritual and political influence

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The Power of the Church

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  1. The Power of the Church Chapter 13 Section 4

  2. Key Terms • Clergy • Sacrament • Canon law • Holy Roman Empire • Lay investiture

  3. The Far-Reaching Authority of the Church • Crowning of Charlemagne • Gave the church both spiritual and political influence • 300 years earlier Pope Gelasiussaid conflicts could arise between the church and state

  4. The Far Reaching Authority of The Church • God created two swords • One for religion • The other political • Pope should bow to emperor (political) • Emperor bow to pope (religious) • Church and rulers competed for power

  5. Structure of the Church • Power based on status • The pope in Rome headed the church • All clergy under the pope • Clergy- included bishops and priests • Bishops supervised priests • Bishops settled disputes over Church teachings • Local priest is the main contact

  6. Religion as a Unifying Force • Feudalism separated people • Shared beliefs brought them together • Church stable force during warfare • Provided Christians with a sense of security • Religion was center stage

  7. Religion as a Unifying Force • Life was harsh • Follow path to salvation • Everlasting life in heaven • Priests administered the sacraments • Important religious ceremonies • Rites pave way for salvation

  8. Religion as a Unifying Force • Baptism- became part of the Christian Community • Village church unifying force • Religious and social center • People worshipped together • Holidays festive occasions

  9. The Law of the Church • Churches authority spiritual and political • Created a code of justice • All kings, peasants subject to canon law • Church law- marriages and religious practices

  10. The Law of the Church • Two of the harshest punishments were • Excommunication • Interdiction • Popes used excommunication a banishment from the church to yield power over political figures

  11. The Law of the Church • King quarrels with a Pope the king would be denied salvation • Also freed all of his vassals from their duty • Interdiction- sacraments could not be performed on the kings land

  12. The Law of the Church • People believe without the sacraments they are doomed • During 11 century these threat would force and emperor to submit to the popes commands

  13. Otto I Allies with the Church • Most effective ruler in Medieval Germany • Crowned in 936 • Formed close alliance with the church • To limit nobles strength sought help from bishops and abbots • Used power to defeat German princes

  14. Signs of Future Conflicts • Otto invaded Rome on the Popes behalf • Pope crowned him emperor 962 • Holy Roman Empire • Strongest state in Europe till 1100 • Popes and Italian nobles did not like Germany’s power over Italy

  15. The Emperor Clashes with the Pope • Lay investiture-ceremony in which kings and nobles appoint church officials • Who ever controlled lay investiture held the real power • Church reformers felt the king should not have this power

  16. The Emperor Clashes with the Pope • 1075 Pope Gregory banned lay investitures • Henry IV called a meeting of the bishops he appointed • Emperor ordered Gregory to step down • Gregory excommunicated Henry

  17. The Emperor Clashes with the Pope • German bishops sided with the Pope • To save his throne Henry begged forgiveness • 1077 Henry crosses the alps to Canossa • Gregory was a guest there

  18. The Emperor Clashes with the Pope • Stood in bare feet in the snow • Pope was obliged to forgive him • Henry spent three days in the snow

  19. Concordat of Worms • 1122 Church and emperor met • Reached a compromise • Church alone could appoint bishops • Emperor could veto the appointment

  20. Disorder in the Empire • Frederick I • First ruler to call his lands the Holy Roman Empire • Invaded rich Italian cities • Merchants and the Pope joined the Lombard league

  21. Reign of Frederick I • 1176 foot soldiers of Lombard league faced Frederick’s army of mounted knights • Battle of LegnanoItalian foot soldiers defeat the knights • 1177 makes peace with the Pope • Frederick drowns in 1190 empire collapses

  22. German States Remain Separate • German kings tried to revive Charlemagne’s empire and his alliance with the church • Led to wars with Italian cities clashes with the pope • Clashes were one reason German princes did not unite

  23. German States Remain Separate • German princes electing the king weakened royal authority • German rulers controlled fewer lands • Less of a base of power like French and English kings

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